{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:37:02Z","timestamp":1709771822121},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease. Recently, a connection has been observed between the presence of first-degree atrioventricular block (FDAVB) and cardiovascular outcomes, although the pathophysiology of this association remains poorly understood. Considering the period 2000-2023, we retrospectively included HCM patients at sinus rhythm at the first appointment and sought possible interactions of FDAVB (defined as PR interval &gt;200 ms) with different clinical and imaging variables and with the occurrence of cardiovascular events, including atrial fibrillation (AF). A total of 97 patients were included, of whom 57 (58.8%) were men, with a mean age of 51\u00b119 years, and 14 (14.4%) had FDAVB. During a median of 4.29 (P25 1.92, P75 7.67) years of follow-up, 35 cardiovascular events occurred, including 13 de novo diagnoses of AF, 8 hospitalizations due to heart failure, 8 new-onset strokes, 4 myocardial infarctions, and 2 implantations of cardio defibrillators in secondary prevention; no HCM-related death occurred. We did not find any association between outcomes and the presence of FDAVB. The role of FDAVB as a prognostic marker in HCM patients requires further investigation. We found that FDAVB patients were older, more frequently reported dyspnea, had a larger QRS duration, a higher E\/e' ratio, and lower maximal left ventricle wall thickness by magnetic resonance (p&lt;0.05). After multivariable analysis, FDAVB was independently associated with a higher echocardiographic E\/e' ratio (p=0.039) (odds ratio=1.588). This is the first paper to document an independent association between FGAVB and a higher E\/e' ratio in HCM patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2024.2860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T09:04:34Z","timestamp":1709715874000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First-degree atrioventricular block in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients: an easy and worthy prognostic marker?"],"prefix":"10.4081","author":[{"given":"Ana Filipa","family":"Amador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Martins da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Da Silva Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Camila","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"37153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maron BJ, Desai MY, Nishimura RA, et al. Diagnosis and evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022;79:372-89.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.002"},{"key":"37154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medical Masterclass contributors, Firth J. Cardiology: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clin Med (Lond) 2019;19:61-3.","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.19-1-61"},{"key":"37155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popa-Fotea NM, Micheu MM, Bataila V, et al. Exploring the continuum of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-from DNA to clinical expression. Medicina (Kaunas) 2019;55:299.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55060299"},{"key":"37156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maron BJ, Desai MY, Nishimura RA, et al. Management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022;79:390-414.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.021"},{"key":"37157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zampieri M, Berteotti M, Ferrantini C, et al. Pathophysiology and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: new perspectives. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021;18:169-79.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-021-00523-0"},{"key":"37158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dragasis S, Vlachos K, Kariki O, et al. Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - a contemporary mini-review. Hellenic J Cardiol 2022;67:66-72.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2022.05.002"},{"key":"37159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alphonse P, Virk S, Collins J, et al. Prognostic impact of atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. Clin Res Cardiol 2021;110:544-54.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01730-w"},{"key":"37160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arunachalam K, Maan A, Chu A. Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: evidence-based review about mechanism, complications and management. Crit Pathw Cardiol 2020;19:87-9.","DOI":"10.1097\/HPC.0000000000000210"},{"key":"37161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masri A, Kanj M, Thamilarasan M, et al. Outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with and without atrial fibrillation: a survival meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2017;7:36-44.","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2016.11.23"},{"key":"37162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Authors\/Task Force members, Elliott PM, Anastasakis A, et al. 2014 ESC guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the task force for the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2733-79.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu284"},{"key":"37163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, et al. 2020 AHA\/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 2020;142:558-631.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000945"},{"key":"37164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng S, Keyes MJ, Larson MG, et al. Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block. JAMA 2009;301:2571-7.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.888"},{"key":"37165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crisel RK, Farzaneh-Far R, Na B, Whooley MA. First-degree atrioventricular block is associated with heart failure and death in persons with stable coronary artery disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1875-80.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr139"},{"key":"37166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schumacher K, Buttner P, Dagres N, et al. Association between PR interval prolongation and electro-anatomical substrate in patients with atrial fibrillation. PLoS One 2018;13:e0206933.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206933"},{"key":"37167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan YH, Hai JJ, Lau KK, et al. PR interval prolongation in coronary patients or risk equivalent: excess risk of ischemic stroke and vascular pathophysiological insights. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017;17:233.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-017-0667-2"},{"key":"37168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu M, Du Z, Sun Y. Prognostic significance of first-degree atrioventricular block in a large Asian population: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022;12:e062005.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062005"},{"key":"37169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aro AL, Anttonen O, Kerola T, et al. Prognostic significance of prolonged PR interval in the general population. Eur Heart J 2014;35:123-9.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht176"},{"key":"37170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimura Y, Noda T, Matsuyama TA, et al. Heart failure in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: what are the risk factors?. Int J Cardiol 2017;241:288-94.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.04.061"},{"key":"37171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimura Y, Fukuda K, Nakano M, et al. Prognostic significance of PR interval prolongation in adult patients with total correction of tetralogy of fallot. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2018;11:e006234.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006234"},{"key":"37172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwok CS, Rashid M, Beynon R, et al. Prolonged PR interval, first-degree heart block and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2016;102:672-80.","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308956"},{"key":"37173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen JB, Pietersen A, Graff C, et al. Risk of atrial fibrillation as a function of the electrocardiographic PR interval: results from the Copenhagen ECG Study. Heart Rhythm 2013;10:1249-56.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.04.012"},{"key":"37174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higuchi S, Minami Y, Shoda M, et al. Prognostic implication of first-degree atrioventricular block in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2020;9:e015064.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015064"},{"key":"37175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nistri S, Olivotto I, Betocchi S, et al. Prognostic significance of left atrial size in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (from the Italian Registry for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Am J Cardiol 2006;98:960-5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.05.013"},{"key":"37176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Mahony C, Jichi F, Pavlou M, et al; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy outcomes investigators. A novel clinical risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM risk-SCD). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2010-20.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht439"},{"key":"37177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minami Y, Haruki S, Yashiro B, et al. Enlarged left atrium and sudden death risk in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with or without atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol 2016;68:478-84.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2016.01.006"},{"key":"37178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmqvist F, Thomas KL, Broderick S, et al. Clinical outcome as a function of the PR-interval-there is virtue in moderation: data from the Duke Databank for cardiovascular disease. Europace 2015;17:978-85.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu211"},{"key":"37179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hisamatsu T, Miura K, Fujiyoshi A, el at. NIPPON DATA80 research group. Long-term outcomes associated with prolonged PR interval in the general Japanese population. Int J Cardiol 2015;184:291-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.02.028"},{"key":"37180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel SI, Ackerman MJ, Shamoun FE, et al. QT prolongation and sudden cardiac death risk in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Acta Cardiol 2019;74:53-8.","DOI":"10.1080\/00015385.2018.1440905"},{"key":"37181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delcr\u00e8 SD, Di Donna P, Leuzzi S, et al. Relationship of ECG findings to phenotypic expression in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a cardiac magnetic resonance study. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:1038-45.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.03.074"},{"key":"37182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes LR, MS Rahman, and P.M. Elliott, A systematic review and meta-analysis of genotype-phenotype associations in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by sarcomeric protein mutations. Heart 2013;99:1800-11.","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-303939"},{"key":"37183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gossios T, Savvatis K, Zegkos T, et al. Deciphering hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with electrocardiography. Heart Fail Rev 2022;27:1313-23.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10147-0"},{"key":"37184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mewton N, Liu CY, Croisille P, et al. Assessment of myocardial fibrosis with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:891-903.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.013"},{"key":"37185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016;29:277-314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.01.011"},{"key":"37186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haland TF, Edvardsen T. The role of echocardiography in management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Echocardiogr 2020;18:77-85.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12574-019-00454-9"},{"key":"37187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badran HM, Soltan G, Almeleigi R, et al. Prognostic significance of left ventricular end diastolic pressure using E\/E' in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography 2019;36:2167-75.","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14539"},{"key":"37188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alis D, Guler A, Asmakutlu O, et al. The association between the extent of late gadolinium enhancement and diastolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021;31:284-90.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1734333"},{"key":"37189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurent G, Eicher JC, Wolf JE. First-degree atrioventricular block and pseudopacemaker syndrome. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2013;106:690-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2012.02.014"},{"key":"37190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonow RO, Frederick TM, Bacharach SL, et al. Atrial systole and left ventricular filling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: effect of verapamil. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:1386-91.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90317-X"},{"key":"37191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunderji I, Singh V, Fraser AG. When does the E\/e' index not work? The pitfalls of oversimplifying diastolic function. Echocardiography 2020;37:1897-907.","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14697"}],"container-title":["Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/download\/2860\/1863","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/download\/2860\/1863","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T09:05:12Z","timestamp":1709715912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/view\/2860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/monaldi.2024.2860","relation":{},"ISSN":["2532-5264","1122-0643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2532-5264","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1122-0643","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]}}}