{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T22:38:50Z","timestamp":1770158330991,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Following the onset of the new COVID-19 pandemic, particular attention is paid to the long-term outcomes, especially concerning patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to interstitial pneumonia. The aim of this research is to evaluate the possible evolution over time of interstitial pneumonia into post-inflammatory fibrosing interstitial disease. This research included 42 patients admitted to the COVID ward for SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia, 10 patients with mild pneumonia and respiratory failure who were treated with O2 only, 32 patients with severe pneumonia in whom O2 and non-invasive ventilation were used for respiratory assistance, and 4 patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. At 70\u00b130 days, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after discharge, the cohort of patients underwent the evaluation of inflammation indices, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) chest scans, and functional respiratory tests. The comparative analysis showed that 83.3% of patients had residual parenchymal lung disease at 36-month follow-up, with a significantly higher rate in those with severe pneumonia and more extensive disease on initial CT. Regarding the pulmonary involvement model, patients presented ground-glass opacity or peripheral parenchymal bands, or a combination of them, and peri- and intralobular interstitial thickening, which may be representative of fibrotic interstitial lung disease. There is a correlation between the severity of pneumonia, the inflammatory state, the need to increase respiratory support, and the quantity and persistence of CT-related lesions. Reductions in respiratory functions and exercise capacity were observed, the latter more pronounced in patients (24%) who had contracted severe pneumonia and required ventilatory support. Pulmonary outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections show a wide range of radiological findings, from complete recovery to stable outcomes of thickening and distortion of the interstitial architecture. From a functional point of view, there is an impairment of the alveolar-capillary diffusion capacity and, in cases of those who had contracted severe pneumonia, desaturation and reduced exercise tolerance in 24% of cases at a 36-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2024.3028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T05:29:50Z","timestamp":1729056590000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fibrotic outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 virus interstitial pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Luigi","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Schino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Bitetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ersilia","family":"Tedeschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Maiellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"De Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Ludovico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Larizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Mastroianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"45660","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.12.011"},{"key":"45661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30222-8"},{"key":"45662","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.1916472"},{"key":"45663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.09.027"},{"key":"45664","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(03)00367-8"},{"key":"45665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800247"},{"key":"45666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30434-5"},{"key":"45667","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432"},{"key":"45668","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-00113-1"},{"key":"45669","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2247"},{"key":"45670","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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