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This review explicates the features of DPIs and how they are made, looking at their effectiveness in respiratory therapy, noting features such as usability, stability of the drugs, and flexibility. It also discusses the potential of systemic drug delivery using other routes, such as insulin for diabetes, calcitonin for osteoporosis, antibacterial agents, vaccines, dermal treatments, and ocular treatments, considering issues like stability and patients\u2019 compliance. Issues related to jet milling, spray drying, and supercritical fluid technology are also covered with regard to improving DPI performance. Hindrances, including formulation stability and regulatory issues, have been discussed as a way of demonstrating how innovation is needed to go beyond respiratory therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2025.3172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T12:06:28Z","timestamp":1759752388000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inhalation beyond respiratory: the surprising applications of dry powder inhalers"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Akhil","family":"Akhil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0584-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joysa Ruby","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh Dinnekere","family":"Puttegowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manasa","family":"V","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himadri Priya","family":"Gogoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vignesh","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjaneya","family":"PH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"63719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.04.044"},{"key":"63720","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-017-0359-z"},{"key":"63721","unstructured":"Shinde TP, Mahajan NM. 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Available from: https:\/\/medium.com\/@Dr.AtiqUrRehman\/inhaled-medications-for-asthma-management-dpis-vs-mdis-a-comprehensive-comparison-da569216d309"},{"key":"63737","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099304"},{"key":"63738","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972316687209"},{"key":"63739","unstructured":"Breathe Free. Inhalers A-Z. 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