{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:48:39Z","timestamp":1791938919507,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) frequently coexist, with GERD potentially exacerbating IPF progression through microaspiration and pulmonary inflammation. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of anti-reflux therapy, including proton pump inhibitors and H2-receptor antagonists, on mortality outcomes in IPF patients with concurrent GERD. A systematic search identified six eligible studies, including 2874 patients, for quantitative synthesis. Results indicate that anti-reflux therapy may reduce IPF-related mortality, with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55-1.33], although this finding was not statistically significant. However, no significant effect was observed on overall mortality (pooled RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.74-1.25). Study heterogeneity was moderate (I2=60%), reflecting variability in study designs, populations, and therapeutic regimens. The observational nature of most studies highlights the need for randomized controlled trials to better understand anti-reflux therapy\u2019s role in IPF management. While anti-reflux therapy was associated with a potential reduction in IPF-related mortality (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.55-1.33), no significant effect on overall mortality was observed (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.74-1.25). Future research should also evaluate the long-term safety of anti-reflux therapy, given concerns about complications such as infections and renal impairment. This analysis underscores the importance of tailored treatment approaches in IPF patients with GERD to optimize clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2025.3349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T07:32:47Z","timestamp":1751959967000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anti-reflux therapy and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1523-9471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Dodos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsampika-Vasileia","family":"Kalamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8157-1304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Trakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, Athens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3278-436X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Corlateanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy \"Nicolae Testemitanu\", Chisinau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-811X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vasiliki Epameinondas","family":"Georgakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"59072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15081033"},{"key":"59073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.07.038"},{"key":"59074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000841"},{"key":"59075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20088"},{"key":"59076","unstructured":"Qi J, Shang S, Li Z, Kang J, Kong L. The relationship between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2015;54:695-8. [Article in Chinese]."},{"key":"59077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000492336"},{"key":"59078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0253-y"},{"key":"59079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.03.008"},{"key":"59080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202102-172OC"},{"key":"59081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00050911"},{"key":"59082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70105-X"},{"key":"59083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"59084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1255ST"},{"key":"59085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)00067-9"},{"key":"59086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000468546"},{"key":"59087","unstructured":"Liu B, Su F, Xu N, et al. Chronic use of anti-reflux therapy improves survival of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017;10:5805-10."},{"key":"59088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201101-0138OC"},{"key":"59089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151425"},{"key":"59090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00376-2018"},{"key":"59091","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Available from: https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp."},{"key":"59092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/634613"},{"key":"59093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-8910-y"},{"key":"59094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098618809927"}],"container-title":["Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/download\/3349\/2102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/download\/3349\/2102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:32Z","timestamp":1791936032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/view\/3349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/monaldi.2025.3349","relation":{},"ISSN":["2532-5264","1122-0643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2532-5264","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1122-0643","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]}}}