{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:10:25Z","timestamp":1789992625099,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) constitute a diverse category of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders whose diagnosis and monitoring are challenging due to complex clinic-radiological profiles and the risks of serial high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Lung ultrasound (LUS) has potential to become an easily available, non-ionizing substitute, though its comparative performance against HRCT and spirometry in severity assessment has been inadequately studied. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 52 adult ILD outpatients enrolled over one year, excluding those with cardiac failure, pulmonary tuberculosis, neoplasia, pregnancy, or acute ILD exacerbation. Each patient underwent LUS using a linear probe to determine total B-line score, total positive chest areas with \u22655 B-lines, and pleural line abnormalities; HRCT was scored by the Warrick system, and spirometry measured forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). There was a substantial correlation (r=0.75, p&lt;0.001) between the Total B-line score (mean 39.3\u00b115.3) and the Warrick score (11.94\u00b15.09) and the Warrick score and total positive chest area score (r=0.77, p&lt;0.001). Notable unfavorable associations were observed between LUS B-line score and FVC (r=\u22120.75, p=0.00) and FEV1 (r=\u22120.73, p=0.00). LUS demonstrated sensitivity of 97.9% and diagnostic accuracy of 94.2% compared with HRCT, though specificity was moderate (60%). These findings indicate that LUS closely mirrors HRCT and spirometry in assessing ILD severity. Given its high sensitivity, safety profile, and accessibility, LUS may serve as a valuable adjunct for routine evaluation and follow-up of ILD patients, particularly where repeated HRCT is impractical. Further large-scale, prospective studies are required to validate standardized LUS scoring and establish its role in guiding ILD management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2026.3929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:28:28Z","timestamp":1789990108000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Utility of lung ultrasound in assessing severity of interstitial lung diseases: correlation with high-resolution computed tomography and spirometry findings"],"prefix":"10.4081","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4434-3095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College And Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav Shankher","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College And Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College And Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College And Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvinder","family":"Wander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramdeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"87143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devaraj A. Imaging: how to recognise idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2014;23:215-9.","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00001514"},{"key":"87144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volpicelli G, Elbarbary M, Blaivas M, et al. International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound. Intensive Care Med 2012;38:577-91.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2513-4"},{"key":"87145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, et al. An official ATS\/ ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\u2014evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:788-824.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL"},{"key":"87146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammadi A, Oshnoei S, Ghasemi-Rad M. Comparison of a new, modified lung ultrasonography technique with high-resolution CT in the diagnosis of the alveolo-interstitial syndrome of systemic scleroderma. Med Ultrason 2014;16:27-31.","DOI":"10.11152\/mu.2014.2066.161.am1so2"},{"key":"87147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7akir Edis E, Hatipo\u011flu ON, Pamuk \u00d6N, et al. Effectiveness of thoracic ultrasonography in the evaluation of the severity of pulmonary involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arch Rheumatol 2016;31:364-70.","DOI":"10.5606\/ArchRheumatol.2016.5849"},{"key":"87148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tardella M, Gutierrez M, Salaffi F, et al. Ultrasound B-lines in the evaluation of interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis. Medicine 2018;97:18.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010566"},{"key":"87149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schurawitzki H, Stiglbauer R, Graninger W, et al. Interstitial lung disease in progressive systemic sclerosis: high-resolution CT versus radiography. Radiology 1990;176:755-9.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.176.3.2389033"},{"key":"87150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Picano E, Matucci-Cerinic M. Unnecessary radiation exposure from medical imaging in the rheumatology patient. Rheumatology 2011;50:1537-9.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq412"},{"key":"87151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barskova T, Gargani L, Guiducci S, et al. Lung ultrasound for the screening of interstitial lung disease in very early systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:390-5.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201072"},{"key":"87152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cogliati C, Antivalle M, Torzillo D, et al. Standard and pocket-Size lung ultrasound devices can detect interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatology 2014;53:1497-503.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu033"},{"key":"87153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vizioli L, Ciccarese F, Forti P, et al. Integrated use of lung ultrasound and chest x-ray in the detection of interstitial lung disease. Respiration 2017;93:15-22.","DOI":"10.1159\/000452225"},{"key":"87154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asano M, Watanabe H, Sato K, et al. Validity of ultrasound lung comets for assessment of the severity of interstitial pneumonia. J Ultrasound Med 2018;37:1523-31.","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14497"},{"key":"87155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fessi R, Ourari B, ben Amar J, et al. High-resolution computed tomography fibrosis score and pulmonary function tests in interstitial lung disease: Is there any correlation? Eur Respir J Suppl 2018;52:PA2926.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2018.PA2926"},{"key":"87156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Man MA, Dantes E, Hancu BD, et al. Correlation between transthoracic lung ultrasound score and HRCT features in patients with interstitial lung diseases. J Clin Med 2019;8:1199.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081199"},{"key":"87157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Picano E, Frassi F, Agricola E, et al. Ultrasound lung comets: a clinically useful sign of extravascular lung water. 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