{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:46:12Z","timestamp":1792158372634,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Growing evidence links retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) to inflammation; however, its association with inflammatory cell indices and spirometric parameters in asthma remains unclear, and the potential modifying role of ABO blood group has yet to be explored. The main aim was to assess the associations of serum RBP4 with inflammatory cell indices and spirometric parameters in adults with asthma stratified by blood group O and non-O.\nAdults with physician-diagnosed asthma attending a respiratory clinic between January and June 2026 were consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Spearman's correlation assessed associations involving inflammatory cell indices, whereas Pearson's correlation evaluated associations between normally distributed serum RBP4 and spirometric parameters. Of the 88 adults with asthma enrolled, 64 had available ABO blood group data (38 O and 26 Non-O) and were included in the blood group-stratified analyses. In the O group, RBP4 was positively correlated with eosinophil count (\u03c1=0.35, p=0.03), eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio (\u03c1=0.42, p&lt;0.01), and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (\u03c1=0.41, p=0.01), whereas no significant associations were observed in the non-O group. Serum RBP4 was not correlated with spirometric parameters in either group. The forced expiratory volume in one second\/forced vital capacity ratio was inversely correlated with eosinophil and lymphocyte counts only in the O group, while lymphocyte count showed an inverse correlation with forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity in the non-O group. In conclusion, serum RBP4 was positively associated with eosinophilic inflammatory markers only in adults with asthma belonging to blood group O, whereas no such associations were observed in the non-O group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2026.4226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:53:05Z","timestamp":1792155185000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ABO blood group-dependent association of serum retinol-binding protein 4 with eosinophilic inflammation and spirometric parameters in adults with asthma"],"prefix":"10.4081","author":[{"given":"Rasha","family":"AL-Darraji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Asthma Center, Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Najaf Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Najaf"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahraa Abdulaali","family":"Al-Mudhafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physiology Department, College Of Medicine, University of Kufa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"89240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solomon Y, Malkamu B, Berhan A, et al. Peripheral blood eosinophilia in adult asthmatic patients and its association with the severity of asthma. BMC Pulm Med 2023;23:96.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02383-x"},{"key":"89241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lampalo M, Juki\u0107 I, Bingulac-Popovi\u0107 J, et al. ABO blood group genotypes and ventilatory dysfunction in patients with allergic and nonallergic asthma. Med Glas 2020;17:369-74.","DOI":"10.17392\/1099-20"},{"key":"89242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lima-Matos A, Ponte EV, de Jesus JPV, et al. Eosinophilic asthma, according to a blood eosinophil criterion, is associated with disease severity and lack of control among underprivileged urban Brazilians. Respir Med 2018;145:95-100.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.10.025"},{"key":"89243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamod A, Al-Mudhafar ZA. Influence of clinical biomarkers and demographic characteristics on predicted FEF25\u201375 in Iraqi patients with asthma. Babcock Univ Med J 2026;9:26-34.","DOI":"10.38029\/babcockuniv.med.j..v9i1.1165"},{"key":"89244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moraes-Vieira PM, Yore MM, Dwyer PM, et al. RBP4 activates antigen-presenting cells, leading to adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2014;19:512-26.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.01.018"},{"key":"89245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan J, Hu J. Retinol binding protein 4 and type 2 diabetes: from insulin resistance to pancreatic \u03b2-cell function. Endocrine 2024;85:1020-34.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03777-5"},{"key":"89246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang ML, Chen WT, Hu JH, et al. Altering retinol binding protein 4 levels in hepatitis C: inflammation and steatosis matter. Virulence 2020;11:1501-11.","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1838742"},{"key":"89247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinhoff JS, Lass A, Schupp M. Retinoid homeostasis and beyond: how retinol binding protein 4 contributes to health and disease. Nutrients 2022;14:1236. doi:10.3390\/nu14061236.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061236"},{"key":"89248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang K, Wang L, Gao W, Guo R. Retinol-binding protein 4 in skeletal and cardiac muscle: molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and future perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2025;13:1587165.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1587165"},{"key":"89249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang F, Del-R\u00edo-Navarro BE, Torres-Alc\u00e1ntara S, et al. Adipokines, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, and pulmonary function in adolescents with asthma and obesity. J Asthma 2017;54:153-61.","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2016.1200611"},{"key":"89250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim BK, Song WJ, Seo B, et al. Retinol-binding protein-4 was associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens in the elderly population. Korean J Intern Med 2021;36:447-55.","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2019.348"},{"key":"89251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leija-Mart\u00ednez JJ, Patricio-Rom\u00e1n KL, Del-R\u00edo-Navarro BE, et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as potential prognostic biomarkers of non-allergic asthma caused by obesity in adolescents. Allergol Immunopathol 2021;49:21-9.","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v49i3.73"},{"key":"89252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park YH, Kim KW, Lee KE, et al. Clinical implications of serum retinol-binding protein 4 in asthmatic children. J Korean Med Sci 2009;24:1010-4.","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2009.24.6.1010"},{"key":"89253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samarasinghe AE, Penkert RR, Hurwitz JL, et al. Questioning cause and effect: children with severe asthma exhibit high levels of inflammatory biomarkers including beta-hexosaminidase, but low levels of vitamin A and immunoglobulins. Biomedicines 2020;8:393.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8100393"},{"key":"89254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahalan NH, Tuan Din SA, Mohamad SMB. Association of ABO blood groups with allergic diseases: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2020;10:e029559.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029559"},{"key":"89255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uwaezuoke SN, Eze JN, Ayuk AC, Ndu IK. ABO histo-blood group and risk of respiratory atopy in children: a review of published evidence. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2018;9:73-9.","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S162570"},{"key":"89256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bijanzadeh M, Ramachandra NB, Mahesh PA, et al. Lack of association between asthma and ABO blood group. Lung 2009;187:389-92.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-009-9175-1"},{"key":"89257","unstructured":"\u00c7\u0131lda\u011f S, Kaman \u00d6, Sarg\u0131n G, et al. Association of ABO Rh blood groups with allergic rhinitis and distribution according to allergen types. 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Semin Immunol 2019;46:101333.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2019.101333"}],"container-title":["Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/download\/4226\/2302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/download\/4226\/2303","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/download\/4226\/2302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:53:09Z","timestamp":1792155189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.monaldi-archives.org\/macd\/article\/view\/4226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/monaldi.2026.4226","relation":{},"ISSN":["2532-5264","1122-0643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2532-5264","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1122-0643","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]}}}