{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:47:21Z","timestamp":1771040841225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Mattioli1885","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multidis Res Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control remains a critical public health problem worldwide. Rapid diagnosis and proper treatment are beneficial for the effective control of tuberculosis transmission. Diagnostic challenges arise when a patient has a clinical and radiological suspicion of tuberculosis but cannot produce sputum, sputum acid-fast bacilli, or Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis\/rifampicin (Xpert MTB\/RIF) is negative, resulting in suboptimal management. As a result, more invasive techniques must be used on these patients to establish the diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective study recruited 330 suspected pulmonary TB patients with negative sputum of Xpert MBT\/RIF who underwent bronchoscopy between March 2018 and December 2021. The diagnostic yields of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (acid-fast bacilli, Xpert MTB\/RIF, and culture) and histopathologic examination (HPE) were calculated and compared to the final diagnosis and culture as a gold standard. Results: Out of 330 suspected pulmonary TB patients, 181 had a final diagnosis of TB, and 149 had non-TB. The sensitivity of BALF (culture, Xpert, acid-fast bacilli) and trans-bronchial lung biopsy (HPE) was 80.7%, 72.9%, 21.1%, and 87.1%, respectively. Multiple nodules were associated with significantly higher BALF Xpert MTB, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture, and trans-bronchial lung biopsy (HPE) positivity. Conclusions: Bronchoscopic specimens are essential for accurate and rapid diagnosis of sputum Xpert MBT\/RIF negative patients with high clinical and radiological suspicion of tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/mrm.2022.872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T07:16:01Z","timestamp":1667891761000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diagnostic accuracy of different bronchoscopic specimens in sputum Xpert MBT\/RIF- negative pulmonary TB patients"],"prefix":"10.5826","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omaima Ibrahim","family":"Badr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael Aly","family":"Elrefaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shabrawishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamza M.","family":"Assaggaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Minshawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27750","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"6342","unstructured":"World Health Organization\u200e. Global tuberculosis report 2018. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/274453"},{"key":"6343","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Tuberculosis Country Profiles (Saudi Arabia). Accessed on: 2021 Apr 15. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/country\/data\/profiles\/en\/"},{"key":"6344","unstructured":"Department of Statistics, Ministry of Health. Health statistical year book 2010. Riyadh Ministry of Health; 2012. Available from: https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sa\/en\/Ministry\/Statistics\/book\/Pages\/default.aspx"},{"key":"6345","unstructured":"Department of statistics, Ministry of Health. Health statistical year book 2000. Riyadh: Ministry of Health; 2002. Available from: https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sa\/en\/Ministry\/Statistics\/book\/Pages\/default.aspx"},{"key":"6346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee HN, Kim JI, Kim YH. Clinical and CT characteristics of Xpert MTB\/RIF-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. 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