{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:58:12Z","timestamp":1777658292419,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Med Chir"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fowler-Stephens Laparoscopic Orchiopexy (FSLO) permits the mobilization of Intra-Abdominal Testis (IAT) to the scrotal position after spermatic vessel ligation. We reported our experience of FSLO for IAT. The charts of all boys who underwent a FSLO were retrospectively reviewed. Data were analysed for demographic data, procedure, complications and follow-up results. From January 2008 to June 2016, 160 laparoscopies for Non Palpable Testis (NPT) were performed at a mean age of 3,2 years. 61% of patients had a right NPT, while 6% were bilateral. In 64 cases, an IAT was found: 20 were managed by FSLO with a two-stage procedure in 11 patients. There were no differences in hospitalisations; one patient had a prolonged ileus. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 years. Of the 20 patients who underwent FSLO, testicular atrophy developed in three; the remaining testes were in the scrotal position, with normal consistency. FSLO was applied in 31% of IAT. The overall success rate of the technique was 85 %. The percentage of atrophy associated after spermatic vessels interruption appears to provide a good chance of testicular survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/pmc.2020.224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T10:55:20Z","timestamp":1612176920000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy for intra-abdominal cryptorchid testis: a single institution experience"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3846-7872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Papparella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9740-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine","family":"Noviello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"98","unstructured":"Papparella A, Coppola S, Nino F, et al. Epidemiology and treatment of cryptorchidism and retractile testis: retrospective study in the area of Naples. Minerva Pediatr. 2013; 65(1): 77-82."},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cobellis G, Noviello C, Nino F, et al. Spermatogenesis and cryptorchidism. Front Endocrinol 2014 May 1; 5:63.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00063"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamond DA, Caldamone AA. The value of laparoscopy for 106 impalpable testes relative to clinical presentation. J. Urol. 1992; 148: 632-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36675-2"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papparella A, Parmeggiani P, Cobellis G, et al. Laparoscopic management of nonpalpable testes: A multicenter study of the Italian Society of Video Surgery in Infancy J Ped Surg 2005; 40: 696-700.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.01.010"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papparella A, Romano M, Noviello C, et al. The value of laparoscopy in the management of non-palpable testis. J Pediatr Urol. 2010; 6:550-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2009.12.010"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fowler R, Stephens FD. The role of testicular vascular anatomy in the salvage of high undescended testis. Aust NZ J Surg 1959;29: 32-5.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1959.tb03826.x"},{"key":"104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ransley PG, Vordemark JS, Caldamone AA, et al. Preliminary ligation of the gonadal vessels prior to orchidopexy for the intraabdominal testicle: a staged Fowler - Stephens procedure. World J Urol 1984; 2:266-268.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00326700"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloom DA. Two-step orchiopexy with pelviscopic clip ligation of the spermatic vessels. J Urol 1991; 145:1030-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38522-1"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papparella A, Nino F, Coppola S, et al. Morphological changes due to pneumoperitoneum: the effect of Intra-abdominal Pressure. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2014; 24:322-27.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1349057"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caldamone AA, Amaral JE Laparoscopic Stage 2 Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy. J Urol 1994; 152:1253-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32562-4"},{"key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alagaratnam S, Nathaniel C, Cuckow P, et al. Testicular outcome following laparoscopic second stage Fowler Stephens orchidopexy Journal of Pediatric Urology 2014; 10, 186-192.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2013.08.005"},{"key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamond DA. Laparoscopic orchiopexy for the intra-abdominal testis. J Urol, 1994,152: 1257-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32563-6"},{"key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan G H, Winslow BH. Laparoscopic single stage and staged orchidopexy. J Urol 1994; 152:1249-52.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32561-2"},{"key":"111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franco I, Lindgren BW Laparoscopic Fowler\u2013Stephens orchidopexy for the high abdominal testis. J Urol 1999; 162: 990-994","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)68042-X"},{"key":"112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elyas R., Guerra L. A., Pike J, et al. Is Staging Beneficial for Fowler-Stephens Orchiopexy? A Systematic Review. J Urol 2010;183 :2012-19.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.01.035"},{"key":"113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagga D, Prasad A, Grover SB, et al. Evaluation of two-staged Fowler-Stephens laparoscopic orchidopexy (FSLO) for intra-abdominal testes (IAT). Ped Surg Int. 2018; 34:97-103.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-017-4170-8"},{"key":"114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hvistendahl GM, Poulsen EU. Laparoscopy for the impalpable testes: experience with 80 intra-abdominal testes. J Pediatr Urol 2009; 5:389-92.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2009.04.004"},{"key":"115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker LA, Docimo SG, Surer I, et al. A multi-institutional analysis of laparoscopic orchidopexy. BJU Int 2001; 87:484-9.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2001.00127.x"},{"key":"116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostlie DJ, Leys CM, Fraser JD, et al. Laparoscopic Orchiopexy Requiring Vascular Division: A Randomized Study Comparing the Primary and Two-Stage Approaches. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2015; 25:536-9.","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2015.0183"},{"key":"117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papparella A. Noviello C. Amici G, Parmeggiani P. Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens procedure is contraindicated for intraabdominal major duct anomalies. Surg Endosc 2004;18 (8):1-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-4274-6"},{"key":"118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosito NC, Koff WJ, da Silva Oliveira TL, et al. Volumetric and histological findings in intra-abdominal testes before and after division of spermatic vessels. 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