{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T01:21:04Z","timestamp":1783387264571,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Med Chir"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infantile Hemangiomas (IH) are the most common benign tumor of infancy, occurring in over 10% of newborns. The head and neck is the most frequently affected area (60%), and the scalp is a typical site for such large lesions. Scalp-IHs are usually focal lesions that can be both disfiguring and may lead to complications such as ulceration and bleeding. We describe a case of a 30-months old female who presented a large scalp-IH at birth that rapidly grew in the first year of life. Topical and systemic treatments (with timolol ointment and oral propranolol, respectively) were not effective in reducing dimensions of the hemangioma. After vascular imaging study, the patient underwent surgical resection of the IH and primary closure with excellent cosmetic outcome. When medical therapy is ineffective or cosmetic and functional integrity is threatened, early surgery allows to completely removing large scalp-IHs, with good cosmetic results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/pmc.2022.279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T11:37:38Z","timestamp":1647862658000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Surgical management of large scalp infantile hemangioma in 30-month-old infant"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Cosimo","family":"Bleve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Conighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Valerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cutrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Iannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Segna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7822-2963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore Fabio","family":"Chiarenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang LC, Haggstrom AN, Drolet BA, et al. Growth characteristics of infantile hemangiomas: implications for management. Pediatrics 2008;122:360\u2013367","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2767"},{"key":"1086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spector JA, Blei F, Zide BM. Early surgical intervention for proliferating hemangiomas of the scalp: indications and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;122:457\u201362.","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31817d5fa2"},{"key":"1087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Yang X, Zhao Y, et al. Early surgical management of large scalp infantile hemangioma using the TopClosure\u00ae tension-relief system. Medicine 2015;94:e2128.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002128"},{"key":"1088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maguiness SM, Frieden IJ. Management of difficult infantile haemangiomas. Arch Dis Child 2012;97:266\u2013271.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300851"},{"key":"1089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho YK, Ryu DW, Chung HY, et al. Surgical management of scalp infantile hemangiomas. J Craniofac Surg 2015;26:1169\u201372","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001561"},{"key":"1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drolet BA, Frommelt PC, Chamlin SL, et al. Initiation and use of propranolol for infantile hemangioma: report of a consensus conference. Pediatrics 2013;131:128-40.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1691"},{"key":"1091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haggstrom AN, Drolet BA, Baselga E, et al. Prospective study of infantile hemangiomas: clinical characteristics predicting complications and treatment. Pediatrics 2006;118:882\u20137.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0413"},{"key":"1092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marey HM, Elmazar HF, Mandour SS, Khairy HA. Combined oral and topical beta blockers for the treatment of early proliferative superficial periocular infantile capillary hemangioma. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2018;55:37-42.","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20170703-12"},{"key":"1093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00e9aut\u00e9-Labr\u00e8ze C, Hoeger P, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of oral propranolol in infantile hemangioma. N Engl J Med 2015;372:735-46.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404710"},{"key":"1094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santecchia L, Valassina MFB, Maggiulli F, et al. Early surgical excision of giant congenital hemangiomas of the scalp in newborns: Clinical indications and reconstructive aspects. J Cutan Med Surg 2013;17:106\u201313.","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2012.11113"},{"key":"1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayashi T, Ishibashi A, Hashimoto T, et al. Huge congenital angioma of the scalp. A case report. Kurume Med J 1981;28:91\u20134.","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.28.91"},{"key":"1096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alluhaybi AA, Abdulqader SB, Altuhayni K, et al. Preoperative trans-arterial embolization of a giant scalp congenital hemangioma associated with cardiac failure in a premature newborn. 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