{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:02:00Z","timestamp":1761807720208},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,11]],"date-time":"2011-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a wide differential diagnosis for the child with unexplained fractures including non-accidental injury, osteogenesis imperfecta and vitamin D deficiency rickets.  Over the last 20 years we and others have described a self-limiting syndrome characterised by fractures in the first year of life.  This has been given the provisional name temporary brittle bone disease.  This work had proved controversial mostly because the fractures, including rib fractures and metaphyseal fractures, were those previously regarded as typical or even diagnostic of non-accidental injury.  Some have asserted that the condition does not exist. Over the years 1985 to 2000 we investigated 87 such cases with fractures with a view to determining the future care of the children.  In 85 of these the judiciary was involved.  We examined the clinical and radiological findings in the 33 cases in which there was a judicial finding of abuse, the 24 cases in which the parents were exonerated and the 28 cases in which no formal judicial finding was made.  The three groups of patients were similar in terms of demographics, age at fracturing and details of the fractures.  The clinical similarities between the three groups of patients contrasts with the very different results of the judicial process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/pr.2011.e24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,9]],"date-time":"2011-12-09T16:18:18Z","timestamp":1323447498000},"page":"e24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Temporary Brittle Bone Disease: Relationship Between Clinical Findings and Judicial Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Colin R.","family":"Paterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Monk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.5.987","article-title":"Child abuse or osteogenesis imperfecta: how can we tell?","volume":"88","author":"Gahagan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000229344.79963.31","article-title":"Classical osteogenesis imperfecta and allegations of nonaccidental injury","volume":"452","author":"Paterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-1001-z","article-title":"Rickets vs abuse: a national and international epidemic","volume":"38","author":"Keller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01407.x","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency rickets and allegations of non-accidental injury","volume":"98","author":"Paterson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"45","article-title":"Multiple fractures in infancy: scurvy or nonaccidental injury?","volume":"2","author":"Paterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthop Res Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.4.175","article-title":"Copper deficiency in infancy","volume":"4","author":"Paterson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1148\/112.2.401","article-title":"Kinky hair syndrome: serial study of radiological findings with emphasis on the similarity to the battered child syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Adams","year":"1974","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.081836","article-title":"Menkes\u2019 disease mimicking non-accidental injury","volume":"91","author":"Bacopoulou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis 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the differential diagnosis of unexplained fractures","volume":"83","author":"Paterson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Roy Soc Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320450208","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta: the distinction from child abuse and the recognition of a variant form","volume":"45","author":"Paterson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(99)80049-4","article-title":"Temporary brittle bone disease: a true entity?","volume":"23","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sem Perinatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00211-4","article-title":"The lesson of temporary brittle bone disease: all bones are not created equal","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01388.x","article-title":"Temporary brittle bone disease: fractures in medical care","volume":"98","author":"Paterson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-1573-9","article-title":"Critical review of \u2018temporary brittle bone disease\u2019","volume":"35","author":"Mendelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1795","article-title":"Evaluating infants and young children with multiple fractures","volume":"118","author":"Jenny","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S21449","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of children thought to have had temporary brittle bone disease","volume":"2","author":"Paterson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Health Med Ther"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.154.5.2108539","article-title":"Differentiation of child abuse from osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"154","author":"Ablin","year":"1990","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1518","article-title":"Patterns of skeletal fractures in child abuse: systematic review","volume":"337","author":"Kemp","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S388","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-0845-6","article-title":"Problems in the diagnosis of metaphyseal fractures","volume":"38","author":"Kleinman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr 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fractures","volume":"38","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900592","article-title":"Temporary brittle bone disease: association with decreased fetal movement and osteopenia","volume":"64","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"}],"container-title":["Pediatric 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