{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:30:53Z","timestamp":1770917453473,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In an observational study of 31,257 children we investigated the effects of paternal age at the time of the child\u2019s birth, paternal absence and non-biological fathers on children\u2019s health. Results are per 5 year change in paternal age. Older fathers were associated with lower rates of unintentional injuries, odds ratio (OR)=0.966, P=0.0027. There was a quadratic association between paternal age and risk of hospital admission, \u03b2=0.0121, P=0.0109, with minimum risk at paternal age 37.7. Absent fathers were associated with increased risk of hospital admission, OR=1.19, P&lt;10-3, lower rates of complete immunizations to 9 months, OR=0.562, P&lt;10-3, higher Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) difficulties scores: \u03b2=0.304, P=0.0024 (3 year olds), \u03b2&gt;=0.697, P&lt;10-3 (5 year olds). Non-biological fathers were associated with increased risk of unintentional injury, OR=1.16, P=0.0319 and hospital admission, OR=1.26, P=0.0166; lower rates of complete immunizations to 9 months, OR=0.343, P=0.0309 and higher SDQ difficulties scores: \u03b2=0.908, P&lt;10-3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/pr.2015.5659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,29]],"date-time":"2015-03-29T01:26:31Z","timestamp":1427592391000},"page":"5659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Paternal Age, Paternal Presence and Children\u2019s Health: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Julian","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alastair 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