{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:13:51Z","timestamp":1790522031390,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital chest wall or pectus deformities including pectus excavatum (funnel chest) and pectus carinatum (pigeon chest) affect a significant proportion of the general population and up to 70% of patients with Marfan syndrome. Patients often experience significant morbidity and psychological distress, which can worsen with age. Here we discuss new techniques for both operative and non-operative treatment of pectus deformity, the importance of a welltimed intervention and special considerations in patients with Marfan syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/pr.2017.7227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T09:50:42Z","timestamp":1515059442000},"page":"7227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pectus Updates and Special Considerations in Marfan Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Fraser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Child","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8275391","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8275391","article-title":"Orthopaedic aspects of marfan syndrome: the experience of a referral center for diagnosis of rare diseases","volume":"2016","author":"De Maio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2009.072785","article-title":"The revised Ghent nosology for the Marfan syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Loeys","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.071","article-title":"Family study of the inheritance of pectus excavatum","volume":"41","author":"Creswick","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"625","article-title":"Morphologic, morphometrical and histochemical proprieties of the costal cartilage in children with pectus excavatum","volume":"52","author":"David","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Chest wall deformities: an overview on classification and surgical options. 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excavatum","volume":"97","author":"Poston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.05.100","article-title":"Cardiac surgery and repair of pectus deformities: When and how?","volume":"194","author":"Hysi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.024","article-title":"Evaluation of the treatment of pectus carinatum with compressive orthotic bracing using three dimensional body scans","volume":"49","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(98)90314-1","article-title":"A 10-year review of a minimally invasive technique for the correction of pectus excavatum","volume":"33","author":"Nuss","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Risk of serious perioperative complications with removal of double bars following the Nuss procedure.","author":"Bilgi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.21037\/jovs.2016.02.27","article-title":"Pectus bar removal: surgical technique and strategy to avoid complications","volume":"2","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vis Surg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-9-25","article-title":"Systematic review of surgical treatment techniques for adult and pediatric patients with pectus excavatum","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194904000-00002","article-title":"The operative treatment of pectus excavatum","volume":"129","author":"Ravitch","year":"1949","journal-title":"Ann 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A 20-year experience and 401 cases","volume":"137","author":"Chavoin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.10.020","article-title":"A 5-year experience with a minimally invasive technique for pectus carinatum repair","volume":"44","author":"Abramson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.032","article-title":"Success and duration of dynamic bracing for pectus carinatum: A four-year prospective study","volume":"52","author":"Emil","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref39","year":"2012","journal-title":"Healthcare Technology Brief Publication;"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.04.013","article-title":"Contemporary management of recurrent pectus 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