{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:08:02Z","timestamp":1789567682351,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reumatismo"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of 25-OH-vitamin D in the assessment of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has not been investigated. We sought to investigate the prevalence of 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency among COVID-19 patients, and to determine the associations between 25-OH-vitamin D status and the severity of the disease. We have conducted a retrospective observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted to the University of Verona Hospital Trust. Demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters were collected at hospital admission, and serum 25-OH-vitamin D levels were measured. The following outcomes were assessed: arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2); C-reactive protein (CRP); length of hospitalization; requirement of oxygen therapy; non-invasive ventilation (NIV); mechanical ventilation; and death. Among 61 patients enrolled, 72.1% was 25-OH-vitamin D deficient (&lt;20 ng\/mL) and 57.4% had 25-OHvitamin D &lt;15 ng\/mL. Patients with arterial PaO2 &lt;60 mmHg had significantly lower mean 25-OH-vitamin D levels compared to patients with PaO2 \u226560 mmHg (13.3 ng\/mL vs 20.4 ng\/mL respectively, p=0.03). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with 3-fold higher risk of having arterial pO2 &lt;60 mmHg. 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased CRP and dyspnea. 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency was associated with more severe systemic inflammatory response and respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2020.1333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T18:20:23Z","timestamp":1610994023000},"page":"189-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Vitamin D and disease severity in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8915-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Adami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9355-7673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Giollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fassio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Benini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bertoldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5175-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Bertoldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Orsolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7254-4686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Idolazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Viapiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4039-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Passeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Tacconelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1138-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Micheletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"container-title":["Reumatismo"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.reumatismo.org\/index.php\/reuma\/article\/download\/1333\/891","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.reumatismo.org\/index.php\/reuma\/article\/download\/1333\/891","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T18:20:31Z","timestamp":1610994031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.reumatismo.org\/index.php\/reuma\/article\/view\/1333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/reumatismo.2020.1333","relation":{},"ISSN":["2240-2683","0048-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2240-2683","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0048-7449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]}}}