{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T20:02:27Z","timestamp":1758225747351,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reumatismo"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thymic tumors are rare in the general population, and to the best of our knowledge, no cases of thymoma have been described in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 inhibitors, except for the case of a patient receiving infliximab for Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) who developed a B2 thymoma. We describe a 60-year-old Caucasian male with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) and CD who developed an AB-type thymoma without myasthenia gravis after 18 years of treatment with TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors. The patient had received the same molecule since the r-axSpA\/CD diagnosis and changed it 6 months before the diagnosis of thymoma due to a disease flare. At the time of the drug switch, no mediastinal mass was present on the chest X-ray. The thymoma was surgically removed, and no additional therapy was needed. Treatment with TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors was reintroduced after surgery. This case raises some important questions that remain open and deserve to be addressed in the future, such as the association between immunosuppressive therapy and thymoma and the controversial relationship between TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors and myasthenia gravis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2025.1693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T04:15:05Z","timestamp":1749096905000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of thymoma without myasthenia gravis in a patient with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis treated with tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0008-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piera","family":"Altieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco Maria","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evy","family":"Di Ruscio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1958-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Carubbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3594-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Alunno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"13448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.10.010"},{"key":"13449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223636"},{"key":"13450","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002139"},{"key":"13451","unstructured":"Konso M, El Bacha H, Dilal S, Mendes P, Znati K, Benzzoubeir N, et al. Development of thymoma during anti-TNF alpha therapy: coincidence or consequence. IAR J Med Cse Rep 2023; 4: 19-21."},{"key":"13452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2019-thym-02"},{"key":"13453","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2019-thym-10"},{"key":"13454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1974.00320200184029"},{"key":"13455","unstructured":"Teramatsu T, Yamamoto H, Matsutani Y. Mediastinal tumors in Japan survey. Jpn J Thorac Surg 1976; 24: 270-3."},{"key":"13456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02501-7"},{"key":"13457","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13724"},{"key":"13458","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.12.011"},{"key":"13459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.01.001"},{"key":"13460","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05077-6"},{"key":"13461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0023-0"},{"key":"13462","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12340"},{"key":"13463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2020.01.001"},{"key":"13464","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04587-4"}],"container-title":["Reumatismo"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.reumatismo.org\/reuma\/article\/download\/1693\/1083","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.reumatismo.org\/reuma\/article\/download\/1693\/1083","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T10:54:51Z","timestamp":1758192891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.reumatismo.org\/reuma\/article\/view\/1693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/reumatismo.2025.1693","relation":{},"ISSN":["2240-2683","0048-7449"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2240-2683"},{"type":"print","value":"0048-7449"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]}}}