{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T21:42:30Z","timestamp":1794087750524,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"The Korean Academy of Family Medicine - M2PI","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]],"date-time":"2022-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kjfm.or.kr"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Fam Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and total testosterone deficiency based on facial flushing among Korean men.Methods: A total of 314 men were included in this study and divided into non-drinkers (n=78) and drinkers (n=236). Drinkers were also divided into flushers (n=96) and non-flushers (n=140). Flushers and non-flushers were separated into two groups based on the amount of alcohol consumed: moderate drinkers (\u22648 standard drinks per week) and heavy drinkers (&gt;8 standard drinks per week). Total testosterone &lt;3.5 ng\/mL was defined as testosterone deficiency.Results: The risk of testosterone deficiency was significantly higher in heavy drinkers who flushed than in nondrinkers (odds ratio, 4.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.20\u201315.88; P=0.025). However, no significant difference was observed in the risk of testosterone deficiency in non-flushers, regardless of the amount of alcohol consumed.Conclusion: This study suggests that the risk of testosterone deficiency increases in heavy drinkers (&gt;8 drinks per week) who flush compared to that in non-drinkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.21.0173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T19:16:18Z","timestamp":1669058178000},"page":"381-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4082\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Testosterone Deficiency according to Facial Flushes among Middle-Aged and Older Korean Men"],"prefix":"10.4082","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8953-1227","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyungmi","family":"Koh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9417-7728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sung 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