{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:17:28Z","timestamp":1792790248839,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Korean Academy of Family Medicine - M2PI","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N41A661152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N41A661152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation for Disease Control Research Promotion, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00394zv26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kjfm.or.kr"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Fam Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid growth of online alcohol sales, delivery services, and digital marketing has increased alcohol availability and heightened public health concerns, particularly among adolescents. However, regulatory responses remain inconsistent and vary significantly across regions. This scoping review synthesizes global regulatory approaches to online alcohol access, encompassing both established Western models and emerging Asian frameworks, and identifies key cross-national patterns and policy gaps. This scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews) and Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. Searches of four electronic databases were complemented by a supplementary gray literature search targeting specific Asian jurisdictions to minimize geographic bias. The identified sources included policies and peer-reviewed studies on online alcohol sales, delivery practices, age-verification procedures, and digital marketing regulations. Data were systematically organized by regulatory domain and analyzed using a comparative socio-political framework (liberalism vs. paternalism) to interpret cross-national differences. The analysis of 34 documents across five regulatory domains revealed a distinct global divide. Western nations predominantly rely on co-regulatory models that frequently suffer from significant enforcement gaps, whereas Asian jurisdictions employ strict structural barriers. These include mandatory digital real-name authentication, \u201cSmart Order\u201d systems, and joint platform liability, designed to effectively restrict underage access where Western self-regulation has historically failed. To address global enforcement gaps, future policies must evolve from \u201csoft\u201d co-regulation to \u201chard\u201d technical mandates. Integrating Asian-style digital identity systems with strict platform liability offers a viable pathway to effectively restrict underage access and reduce alcohol-related harm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.25.0122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T06:52:08Z","timestamp":1775717528000},"page":"189-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4082\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Regulatory policies for online alcohol access control: a comparative scoping review of international approaches"],"prefix":"10.4082","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-7788","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wiwat","family":"Sungkhabut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand"},{"name":"Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 9 Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4541-4469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaitsuda","family":"Saiprom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 9 Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0045-1787","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chalermporn Devahastin Na","family":"Ayudhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 9 Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4909-8100","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saowanee","family":"Viboonsanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 1 Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8655-7154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pasitpon","family":"Vatcharavongvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2550","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7895\/ijadr.v2i1.132"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32744-2"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14754"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13859"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4156"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15478"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14796"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113596"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2020.1856293"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02650487.2015.1019961"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Online age verification methods for children [Internet]"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp31342115"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Limitations to online sales of alcoholic beverages by South Korea [Internet]"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"China passes e-commerce law (GAIN Report Number: CH18063) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3366\/scot.2020.0304"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2021.2019682"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12928"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12885"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13050374"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m18-0850"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-20-00167"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act 2012 [Internet]"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Liquor Act 2007 [Internet]"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Revised Guidance Issued under Section 182 of the Licensing Act 2003 [Internet]"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Delivery of alcoholic beverages [Internet]"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Alcohol Act [Internet]"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Code de la sant\u00e9 publique, R\u00e9forme 2009 (Article L.3323-2) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Liquor License Act (Act No. 20249) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"South Korea wine market report (report number: KS2024-0021) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"Special Part 204d","volume-title":"Prohibition on sales of alcoholic beverages by electronic means B.E. 2563","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":""},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"E-Commerce Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China [Internet]"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"29","volume-title":"","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Japan: FAIRS Annual Country Report Annual (report number: JA2023-0100) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"R. O. C. Enforcement Rules of the Tobacco and Alcohol Administration Act [Internet]"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Decree No. 24\/2020\/ND-CP detailing a number of articles of the Law on Prevention and Control of Harms of Liquor and Beer Abuse [Internet]"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Liquor Control (Supply and Consumption) Act 2015 (2020 Revised Edition) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Liquor Control (Supply and Consumption) (Exemption from Liquor Licence) Order 2015 (S 183\/2015) [Internet]"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-023-00088-2"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912398"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2022.2148518"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2021.07.005"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2020.81.39"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13025"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2019.08.003"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13331"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11418.2"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agu078"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jphp.2013.45"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12411"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt174"},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"Public health: ethical issues [Internet]"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02945.x"}],"container-title":["Korean Journal of Family Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/kjfm.or.kr\/upload\/pdf\/kjfm-25-0122.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/kjfm.or.kr\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4082\/kjfm.25.0122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/kjfm.or.kr\/upload\/pdf\/kjfm-25-0122.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T05:06:11Z","timestamp":1779858371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/kjfm.or.kr\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4082\/kjfm.25.0122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4082\/kjfm.25.0122","relation":{},"ISSN":["2092-6715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2092-6715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}