{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:46:27Z","timestamp":1782823587245,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Hematology Section, Dept. of Radiological Science and Hematology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) following haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) is common, but its prognostic significance remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 104 consecutive patients undergoing haplo-HSCT (2008\u20132024); after excluding early infections, 86 patients were evaluable. CRS was defined according to ASTCT criteria. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS); secondary endpoints included relapse-free survival (RFS), GVHD\/relapse-free survival (GRFS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and transplant-related mortality (TRM). Relapse and TRM were analyzed using competing risk methodology.\nCRS occurred in 51% of patients. In the overall cohort, OS was numerically higher in patients with CRS but did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, among patients transplanted beyond first complete remission (CR1), CRS was significantly associated with improved OS (median not reached vs 7.6 months; p = 0.02). In this subgroup, RFS and GRFS also showed consistent trends in favor of CRS, although not statistically significant. The cumulative incidence of relapse was numerically lower in patients with CRS, without reaching statistical significance. TRM was comparable between groups, with no increase in early mortality. No differences were observed in acute or chronic GVHD.\nNotably, no patients received specific treatment for CRS, and clinical manifestations resolved following post-transplant cyclophosphamide, supporting an alloimmune origin of the syndrome.\nIn conclusion, CRS after haplo-HSCT is associated with improved survival in patients with advanced disease, without increased TRM, and may represent a marker of early immune activation and graft-versus-leukemia effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2026.059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:04:54Z","timestamp":1782821094000},"page":"e2026059","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytokine release syndrome after haploidentical transplantation is associated with improved survival without increasing transplant-related mortality"],"prefix":"10.4084","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Avenoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Difrancesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Morello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Magliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Radici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Leoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreyas","family":"Hanmantgad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Malagola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"container-title":["Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mjhid.org\/mjhid\/article\/download\/6372\/4902","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mjhid.org\/mjhid\/article\/download\/6372\/4920","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mjhid.org\/mjhid\/article\/download\/6372\/4902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:04:54Z","timestamp":1782821094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mjhid.org\/mjhid\/article\/view\/6372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4084\/mjhid.2026.059","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-3006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-3006","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]}}}