{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:21:34Z","timestamp":1788434494251,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Wheelchair Error Scoring System has been developed as an alternative to quantify static balance for wheelchair sport athletes. Timed tandem gait and its progressive assessments of complex and dual-task tandem gait are not able to be administered in this population due to the inability to perform heel-to-toe walking, warranting the development of a wheelchair-specific alternative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify baseline performance, modifying factor effects, and test-retest reliability of a novel tandem gait alternative propulsion task.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional, repeated measures study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University adapted athletics facility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-six wheelchair-using athletes (age = 21.65 \u00b1 2.6 years, male sex, n = 14, 53.8%) from a single institution\u2019s collegiate adapted athletics program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants performed a baseline wheelchair propulsion task along a straight, 9-m line, completing 3 trials of single- and dual-task propulsion, by wheeling down and back as quickly as possible while staying centered along the line and constantly feeding their wheel without power pushes or gliding. Testing was repeated 1 week and 45 days later. Performance was recorded as the average time of completion for each of the 3 trials by task. Independent variables consisted of dual task, sex, and concussion history.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Single- to dual-task differences yielded a 1.42-second slowing (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) in performance. There were no differences between sexes on single- (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .42) and dual-task (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .38) nor concussion history on single- (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .74) and dual-task (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .46) conditions. Significant test-retest reliability was observed with good (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.79\u20130.82,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) to moderate (ICC = 0.50\u20130.56,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .001\u2013.003) reliability at 1 week and 45 days, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide context for baseline performance and reliability of a novel alternative to tandem gait for wheelchair sport athletes. Whereas sex and concussion history did not modify performance, the small difference in dual-task time yields concern over the feasibility of this task as a concussion evaluation and management tool in which upper extremity neurological assessments may be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0007.26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:01:02Z","timestamp":1788433262000},"page":"622-628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Novel Tandem Gait Alternative Propulsion Task for Concussion Assessment in Wheelchair Sport Athletes"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ryan N.","family":"Moran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Research Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Stran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adapted Athletics, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Research Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex C.","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adapted Athletics, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b01","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"695","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport-Amsterdam, October 2022","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patricios JS,\nSchneider KJ,\nDvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport-Amsterdam, October 2022. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):695\u2013711. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106898"},{"issue":"21","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b02","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Concussion in para sport: the first position statement of the Concussion in Para Sport (CIPS) Group","volume":"55","author":"Weiler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weiler R,\nBlauwet C,\nClarke D, et al. Concussion in para sport: the first position statement of the Concussion in Para Sport (CIPS) Group. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(21):1187\u20131195. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103696"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b03","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"991","article-title":"Collegiate adapted athlete baseline performance on the vestibular\/ocular motor screening","volume":"59","author":"Moran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moran RN,\nCurry A,\nGuin JR,\nStran M. Collegiate adapted athlete baseline performance on the vestibular\/ocular motor screening. J Athl Train. 2024;59(10):991\u2013996. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0636.23"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b04","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"856","article-title":"Exploring baseline concussion-assessment performance in adapted wheelchair sport athletes","volume":"55","author":"Moran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moran RN,\nBroglio SP,\nFrancioni KK,\nSosnoff JJ. Exploring baseline concussion-assessment performance in adapted wheelchair sport athletes. J Athl Train. 2020;55(8):856\u2013862. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-294-19"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b05","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"655","article-title":"Evaluation of the SCAT 5 tool in the assessment of concussion in para athletes: a Delphi study","volume":"58","author":"Dyer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dyer B,\nAhmed OH,\nDahl\u00e9n S, et al. Evaluation of the SCAT 5 tool in the assessment of concussion in para athletes: a Delphi study. Br J Sports Med. 2024;58(12):655\u2013664. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107426"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b06","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"43","article-title":"Do neurocognitive SCAT3 baseline test scores differ between footballers (soccer) living with and without disability? A cross-sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Weiler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weiler R,\nvan Mechelen W,\nFuller C,\nAhmed OH,\nVerhagen E. Do neurocognitive SCAT3 baseline test scores differ between footballers (soccer) living with and without disability? A cross-sectional study. Clin J Sport Med. 2018;28(1):43\u201350. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000407"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b07","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"5","article-title":"Para athlete concussion care following the Amsterdam 2022 International Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport: an urgent need for inclusivity within concussion research","volume":"59","author":"Weiler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weiler R,\nDalton K,\nGuenther A, et al. Para athlete concussion care following the Amsterdam 2022 International Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport: an urgent need for inclusivity within concussion research. 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J Athl Train. 2001;36(3):263\u2013273."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b10","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"596","article-title":"Normative data for the modified balance error scoring system in adults","volume":"27","author":"Iverson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iverson GL,\nKoehle MS. Normative data for the modified balance error scoring system in adults. Brain Inj. 2013;27(5):596\u2013599. doi:10.3109\/02699052.2013.772237"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b11","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1690","article-title":"Wheelchair propulsion test: development and measurement properties of a new test for manual wheelchair users","volume":"94","author":"Askari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Askari S,\nKirby RL,\nParker K,\nThompson K,\nO\u2019Neill J. Wheelchair propulsion test: development and measurement properties of a new test for manual wheelchair users. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94(9):1690\u20131698. doi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.03.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b12","series-title":"NeuroRehabilitation","first-page":"229","article-title":"Reliability and normative values of the Wheelchair Propulsion Test: a preliminary investigation","volume":"45","author":"Andrews","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrews AW,\nVallabhajosula S,\nRamsey C,\nSmith M,\nLane MH. Reliability and normative values of the Wheelchair Propulsion Test: a preliminary investigation. NeuroRehabilitation. 2019;45(2):229\u2013237. doi:10.3233\/NRE-192779"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b13","series-title":"NeuroRehabilitation","first-page":"477","article-title":"Influence of wheelchair type on Wheelchair Propulsion Test performance in community-dwelling, adult wheelchair users1","volume":"50","author":"Andrews","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andrews AW,\nVallabhajosula S,\nRamsey C,\nFrancis J,\nJaffe W. Influence of wheelchair type on Wheelchair Propulsion Test performance in community-dwelling, adult wheelchair users1. NeuroRehabilitation. 2022;50(4):477\u2013483. doi:10.3233\/NRE-210315"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-9-622-b14","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"e392","article-title":"Single-task and dual-task tandem gait performance across clinical concussion milestones in collegiate student-athletes","volume":"31","author":"Oldham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oldham JR,\nHowell DR,\nKnight CA,\nCrenshaw JR,\nBuckley TA. Single-task and dual-task tandem gait performance across clinical concussion milestones in collegiate student-athletes. 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