{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T01:54:56Z","timestamp":1773453296390,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:title>\n Assessments used after concussion provide strong diagnostic accuracy and aid in initial health care planning, but they can have limited utility after the acute time frame. Current concussion assessments have low ecological validity in assessing return-to-sport readiness. We developed a functional assessment protocol, the Functional Assessment of Neurocognition in Sport (FANS), to address these limitations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the psychometric properties of the FANS, including test-retest reliability, minimal detectable change, and divergent validity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Descriptive laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Clinical laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n A total of 17 healthy, physically active participants (10 [58.82%] women, 7 [41.18%] men; age = 21.94 \u00b1 3.15 years, height = 170.49 \u00b1 11.42 cm, mass = 72.99 \u00b1 26.72 kg; 13 [76.5%] with no lifetime concussion history).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n \n Participants completed the FANS at 2 time points approximately 14 days apart and conventional clinical assessments (symptom checklist, balance testing, and computerized neurocognitive testing) at the first time point. We used the FANS to examine 7 cognitive domains (verbal memory, visual memory, reaction time, processing speed, cognitive-motor flexibility, delayed verbal memory, and delayed visual memory) by incorporating neuropsychological test paradigms with whole-body cognitive-movement tasks. We used intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% CIs and Pearson\n r<\/jats:italic>\n correlations to evaluate test-retest reliability and divergent validity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n All FANS outcomes displayed acceptable test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient \u2265 0.63), with the lowest being the verbal memory interference subtest. Standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change values overall were small relative to their possible score ranges. Correlations between the FANS and conventional clinical assessments demonstrated select FANS reaction time and processing speed outcomes exceeded the divergent validity threshold with computerized neurocognitive testing reaction time (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n range, \u22120.79 to 0.77).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The FANS overall displayed acceptable test-retest reliability comparable with traditional neurocognitive test platforms and acceptable divergent validity. The FANS reaction time and processing speed may overlap partially with computerized neurocognitive testing reaction time, and this warrants further examination in a clinical population. Although the FANS is reliable and valid for use, future research is needed to establish the utility of the FANS for return-to-sport readiness for concussion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0034.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:37:37Z","timestamp":1750235857000},"page":"139-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reliability and Validity of the Functional Assessment of Neurocognition in Sport: A Paradigm Shift in Postconcussion Return-to-Sport Decision-Making"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Landon B.","family":"Lempke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond"},{"name":"Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b01","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"526","article-title":"Epidemiology of concussions in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports: 2014\/15\u20132018\/19","volume":"50","author":"Chandran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chandran A,\nBoltz AJ,\nMorris SN, et al. Epidemiology of concussions in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports: 2014\/15\u20132018\/19. Am J Sports Med. 2022;50(2):526\u2013536. doi:10.1177\/03635465211060340"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b02","series-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil","first-page":"E37","article-title":"Epidemiology of isolated versus nonisolated mild traumatic brain injury treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2006\u20132012: sociodemographic characteristics","volume":"32","author":"Cancelliere","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cancelliere C,\nCoronado VG,\nTaylor CA,\nXu L. Epidemiology of isolated versus nonisolated mild traumatic brain injury treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2006\u20132012: sociodemographic characteristics. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2017;32(4):E37\u2013E46. doi:10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000260"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b03","series-title":"Brain Imaging Behav","first-page":"358","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in the US military: epidemiology and key clinical and research programs","volume":"9","author":"Helmick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Helmick KM,\nSpells CA,\nMalik SZ,\nDavies CA,\nMarion DW,\nHinds SR. Traumatic brain injury in the US military: epidemiology and key clinical and research programs. Brain Imaging Behav. 2015;9(3):358\u2013366. doi:10.1007\/s11682-015-9399-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b04","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"403","article-title":"The natural history of sport-related concussion in collegiate athletes: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium","volume":"52","author":"Broglio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Broglio SP,\nMcAllister T,\nKatz BP,\nLaPradd M,\nZhou W,\nMcCrea MA; CARE Consortium Investigators. The natural history of sport-related concussion in collegiate athletes: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium. Sports Med. 2022;52(2):403\u2013415. doi:10.1007\/s40279-021-01541-7"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b05","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"737","article-title":"Beyond acute concussion assessment to office management: a systematic review informing the development of a Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool (SCOAT6) for adults and children","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patricios JS,\nSchneider GM,\nvan Ierssel J, et al. Beyond acute concussion assessment to office management: a systematic review informing the development of a Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool (SCOAT6) for adults and children. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):737\u2013748. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106897"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b06","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"722","article-title":"Acute evaluation of sport-related concussion and implications for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) for adults, adolescents and children: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Echemendia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Echemendia RJ,\nBurma JS,\nBruce JM, et al. Acute evaluation of sport-related concussion and implications for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) for adults, adolescents and children: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):722\u2013735. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106661"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b07","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"e591","article-title":"Relationship and latent factors between clinical concussion assessments and the functional Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time (StART)","volume":"32","author":"Lempke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nPassalugo S,\nBaranker BT, et al. Relationship and latent factors between clinical concussion assessments and the functional Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time (StART). Clin J Sport Med. 2022;32(6):e591\u2013e597. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001061"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b08","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"695","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport\u2014Amsterdam, October 2022","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patricios JS,\nSchneider KJ,\nDvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport\u2014Amsterdam, October 2022. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):695\u2013711. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106898"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b09","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1739","article-title":"Quantifying the value of multidimensional assessment models for acute concussion: an analysis of data from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium","volume":"48","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garcia G-GP,\nBroglio SP,\nLavieri MS,\nMcCrea M,\nMcAllister T; CARE Consortium Investigators. Quantifying the value of multidimensional assessment models for acute concussion: an analysis of data from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium. Sports Med. 2018;48(7):1739\u20131749. doi:10.1007\/s40279-018-0880-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b10","series-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med","first-page":"e000012","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of clinical measures of sport concussion: three tests are better than one","volume":"2","author":"Resch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Resch JE,\nBrown CN,\nSchmidt J, et al. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical measures of sport concussion: three tests are better than one. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2016;2(1):e000012. doi:10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000012"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b11","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"297","article-title":"Age-related differences and reliability on computerized and paper-and-pencil neurocognitive assessment batteries","volume":"47","author":"Register-Mihalik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Register-Mihalik JK,\nKontos DL,\nGuskiewicz KM,\nMihalik JP,\nConder R,\nShields EW. Age-related differences and reliability on computerized and paper-and-pencil neurocognitive assessment batteries. J Athl Train. 2012;47(3):297\u2013305. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-47.3.13"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b12","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"506","article-title":"ImPact test-retest reliability: reliably unreliable","volume":"48","author":"Resch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Resch J,\nDriscoll A,\nMcCaffrey N, et al. ImPact test-retest reliability: reliably unreliable? J Athl Train. 2013;48(4):506\u2013511. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-48.3.09"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b13","series-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Child","first-page":"300","article-title":"Long-term test-retest reliability of the vestibular\/ocular motor screening for concussion in child athletes: a preliminary study","volume":"13","author":"Moran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moran RN,\nBretzin AC. Long-term test-retest reliability of the vestibular\/ocular motor screening for concussion in child athletes: a preliminary study. Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2024;13(4):300\u2013305. doi:10.1080\/21622965.2022.2163172"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b14","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and interpretation of common concussion assessment tools: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE consortium","volume":"48","author":"Broglio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broglio SP,\nKatz BP,\nZhao S,\nMcCrea M,\nMcAllister T; CARE Consortium Investigators. Test-retest reliability and interpretation of common concussion assessment tools: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE consortium. Sports Med. 2018;48(5):1255\u20131268. doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0813-0"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b15","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1437","article-title":"A national study on the effects of concussion in collegiate athletes and US military service academy members: the NCAA\u2013DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium structure and methods","volume":"47","author":"Broglio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Broglio SP,\nMcCrea M,\nMcAllister T, et al.; CARE Consortium Investigators. A national study on the effects of concussion in collegiate athletes and US military service academy members: the NCAA\u2013DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium structure and methods. Sports Med. 2017;47(7):1437\u20131451. doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0707-1"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b16","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"622","article-title":"Sport concussion assessment toolTM\u20136 (SCAT6)","volume":"57","author":"Echemendia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Echemendia RJ,\nBrett BL,\nBroglio S, et al. Sport concussion assessment toolTM\u20136 (SCAT6). Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):622\u2013631. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107036"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b17","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"102","article-title":"CARE Consortium Investigators. Return to play and risk of repeat concussion in collegiate football players: comparative analysis from the NCAA Concussion Study (1999\u20132001) and CARE Consortium (2014\u20132017)","volume":"54","author":"McCrea","year":"2020","unstructured":"McCrea M,\nBroglio S,\nMcAllister T, et al.; CARE Consortium Investigators. Return to play and risk of repeat concussion in collegiate football players: comparative analysis from the NCAA Concussion Study (1999\u20132001) and CARE Consortium (2014\u20132017). Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(2):102\u2013109. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100579"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b18","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"2491","article-title":"Aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Langevin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Langevin P,\nFr\u00e9mont P,\nFait P,\nDub\u00e9 MO,\nBertrand-Charette M,\nRoy JS. Aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(12):2491\u20132499. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002402"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b19","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Single season re-injury risk after concussion and lower extremity injury among male, collision sport, high school athletes","volume":"24","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilson JC,\nCarry PM,\nDaoud AK, et al. Single season re-injury risk after concussion and lower extremity injury among male, collision sport, high school athletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2021;24(11):1105\u20131109. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.04.015"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b20","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Lower extremity musculoskeletal injury risk after concussion recovery in high school athletes","volume":"52","author":"Lynall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lynall RC,\nMauntel TC,\nPohlig RT, et al. Lower extremity musculoskeletal injury risk after concussion recovery in high school athletes. J Athl Train. 2017;52(11):1028\u20131034. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-52.11.22"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b21","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1754","article-title":"Musculoskeletal injury risk after sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"McPherson","year":"2019","unstructured":"McPherson AL,\nNagai T,\nWebster KE,\nHewett TE. Musculoskeletal injury risk after sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(7):1754\u20131762. doi:10.1177\/0363546518785901"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b22","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"2487","article-title":"Acute lower extremity injury rates increase after concussion in college athletes","volume":"47","author":"Lynall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lynall RC,\nMauntel TC,\nPadua DA,\nMihalik JP. Acute lower extremity injury rates increase after concussion in college athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(12):2487\u20132492. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000716"},{"issue":"19","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b23","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"2549","article-title":"Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study","volume":"290","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guskiewicz KM,\nMcCrea M,\nMarshall SW, et al. Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA. 2003;290(19):2549\u20132555. doi:10.1001\/jama.290.19.2549"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b24","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"876","article-title":"Effects of a symptom\u2010free waiting period on clinical outcome and risk of reinjury after sport\u2010related concussion","volume":"65","author":"McCrea","year":"2009","unstructured":"McCrea M,\nGuskiewicz K,\nRandolph C, et al. Effects of a symptom\u2010free waiting period on clinical outcome and risk of reinjury after sport\u2010related concussion. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(5):876\u2013882. doi:10.1227\/01.NEU.0000350155.89800.00"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b25","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"2279","article-title":"Gait performance is associated with subsequent lower extremity injury following concussion","volume":"52","author":"Oldham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oldham JR,\nHowell DR,\nKnight CA,\nCrenshaw JR,\nBuckley TA. Gait performance is associated with subsequent lower extremity injury following concussion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(11):2279\u20132285. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002385"},{"issue":"14","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b26","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"1630","article-title":"Worsening dual-task gait costs after concussion and their association with subsequent sport-related injury","volume":"35","author":"Howell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howell DR,\nBuckley TA,\nLynall RC,\nMeehan WP 3rd. Worsening dual-task gait costs after concussion and their association with subsequent sport-related injury. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35(14):1630\u20131636. doi:10.1089\/neu.2017.5570"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b27","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Concussions are associated with decreased batting performance among Major League Baseball players","volume":"43","author":"Wasserman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wasserman EB,\nAbar B,\nShah MN,\nWasserman D,\nBazarian JJ. Concussions are associated with decreased batting performance among Major League Baseball players. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(5):1127\u20131133. doi:10.1177\/0363546515576130"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b28","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2050","article-title":"On-field performance of National Football League players after return from concussion","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar NS,\nChin M,\nO\u2019Neill C,\nJakoi AM,\nTabb L,\nWolf M. On-field performance of National Football League players after return from concussion. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(9):2050\u20132055. doi:10.1177\/0363546514539449"},{"issue":"20","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b29","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"2391","article-title":"Short-term impact of concussion in the NHL: an analysis of player longevity, performance, and financial loss","volume":"35","author":"Navarro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Navarro SM,\nPettit RW,\nHaeberle HS, et al. Short-term impact of concussion in the NHL: an analysis of player longevity, performance, and financial loss. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35(20):2391\u20132399. doi:10.1089\/neu.2017.5611"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b30","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2287","article-title":"Concussion in American versus European professional soccer: a decade-long comparative analysis of incidence, return to play, performance, and longevity","volume":"47","author":"Ramkumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramkumar PN,\nNavarro SM,\nHaeberle HS, et al. Concussion in American versus European professional soccer: a decade-long comparative analysis of incidence, return to play, performance, and longevity. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(10):2287\u20132293. doi:10.1177\/0363546519859542"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b31","series-title":"Sci Med Footb","first-page":"229","article-title":"Effects of concussion on technical performance in professional Australian football","volume":"7","author":"Clarke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Clarke AC,\nMiddleton KJ,\nGretgrix H,\nPearce AJ. Effects of concussion on technical performance in professional Australian football. Sci Med Footb. 2023;7(3):229\u2013234. doi:10.1080\/24733938.2022.2103177"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b32","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"534","article-title":"Evaluating performance of National Ice Hockey League players after a concussion versus lower body injury","volume":"54","author":"Van Pelt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Pelt KL,\nLapointe AP,\nGaldys MC,\nDougherty LA,\nBuckley TA,\nBroglio SP. Evaluating performance of National Ice Hockey League players after a concussion versus lower body injury. J Athl Train. 2019;54(5):534\u2013540. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-218-18"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b33","series-title":"Orthop J Sports Med","first-page":"2325967119854199","article-title":"Concussions in the National Basketball Association: analysis of incidence, return to play, and performance from 1999 to 2018","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel BH,\nOkoroha KR,\nJildeh TR, et al. Concussions in the National Basketball Association: analysis of incidence, return to play, and performance from 1999 to 2018. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;7(6):2325967119854199. doi:10.1177\/2325967119854199"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b34","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2717","article-title":"Effect of concussions on the performance of running backs and wide receivers in the National Football League","volume":"47","author":"Jildeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jildeh TR,\nOkoroha KR,\nTaylor KA, et al. Effect of concussions on the performance of running backs and wide receivers in the National Football League. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(11):2717\u20132722. doi:10.1177\/0363546519864581"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b35","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"527","article-title":"Concussion and National Hockey League player performance: an advanced hockey metrics analysis","volume":"54","author":"Buckley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buckley TA,\nBryk KN,\nVan Pelt KL, et al. Concussion and National Hockey League player performance: an advanced hockey metrics analysis. J Athl Train. 2019;54(5):527\u2013533. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-200-18"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b36","series-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc","first-page":"324","article-title":"Computerized neurocognitive testing within 1 week of sport-related concussion: meta-analytic review and analysis of moderating factors","volume":"20","author":"Kontos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kontos AP,\nBraithwaite R,\nDakan S,\nElbin RJ. Computerized neurocognitive testing within 1 week of sport-related concussion: meta-analytic review and analysis of moderating factors. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014;20(3):324\u2013332. doi:10.1017\/S1355617713001471"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b37","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"834","article-title":"A comparative meta-analysis of the effects of concussion on a computerized neurocognitive test and self-reported symptoms","volume":"52","author":"Alsalaheen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alsalaheen B,\nStockdale K,\nPechumer D,\nBroglio SP,\nMarchetti GF. A comparative meta-analysis of the effects of concussion on a computerized neurocognitive test and self-reported symptoms. J Athl Train. 2017;52(9):834\u2013846. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-52.7.05"},{"issue":"29","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b38","series-title":"Stat Med","first-page":"3972","article-title":"Sample size formulas for estimating intraclass correlation coefficients with precision and assurance","volume":"31","author":"Zou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zou GY. Sample size formulas for estimating intraclass correlation coefficients with precision and assurance. Stat Med. 2012;31(29):3972\u20133981. doi:10.1002\/sim.5466"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b39","series-title":"Biometrics","first-page":"159","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR,\nKoch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159\u2013174. doi:10.2307\/2529310"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b40","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2325","article-title":"Group versus individual administration affects baseline neurocognitive test performance","volume":"39","author":"Moser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moser RS,\nSchatz P,\nNeidzwski K,\nOtt SD. Group versus individual administration affects baseline neurocognitive test performance. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(11):2325\u20132330. doi:10.1177\/0363546511417114"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b41","series-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Child","first-page":"41","article-title":"The importance of proper administration and interpretation of neuropsychological baseline and postconcussion computerized testing","volume":"4","author":"Moser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moser RS,\nSchatz P,\nLichtenstein JD. The importance of proper administration and interpretation of neuropsychological baseline and postconcussion computerized testing. Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2015;4(1):41\u201348. doi:10.1080\/21622965.2013.791825"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b42","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1423","article-title":"Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association","volume":"39","author":"Haskell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haskell WL,\nLee I-M,\nPate RR, et al. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1423\u20131434. doi:10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180616b27"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b43","series-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"152","article-title":"Neurocognitive performance and symptom profiles of Spanish-speaking Hispanic athletes on the ImPACT test","volume":"29","author":"Ott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ott S,\nSchatz P,\nSolomon G,\nRyan JJ. Neurocognitive performance and symptom profiles of Spanish-speaking Hispanic athletes on the ImPACT test. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;29(2):152\u2013163. doi:10.1093\/arclin\/act091"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b44","series-title":"Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: A Handbook","author":"Schmidt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schmidt M. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: A Handbook. Western Psychological Services; 1996."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b45","series-title":"Psychol Assess","first-page":"145","article-title":"Revision of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test: studies of normal performance, reliability, and validity","volume":"8","author":"Benedict","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benedict RHB,\nSchretlen D,\nGroninger L,\nDobraski M,\nShpritz B. Revision of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test: studies of normal performance, reliability, and validity. Psychol Assess. 1996;8(2):145\u2013153. doi:10.1037\/1040-3590.8.2.145"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b46","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"579","article-title":"Reliability and minimal detectable change of the Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time (StART)","volume":"58","author":"Lempke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nShumski EJ,\nPrato TA,\nLynall RC. Reliability and minimal detectable change of the Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time (StART). J Athl Train. 2023;58(6):579\u2013587. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0391.22"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b47","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"112","article-title":"Influential factors and preliminary reference data for a clinically feasible, functional reaction time assessment: the Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time","volume":"58","author":"Lempke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nOldham JR,\nPassalugo S, et al. Influential factors and preliminary reference data for a clinically feasible, functional reaction time assessment: the Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time. J Athl Train. 2023;58(2):112\u2013119. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0073.22"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b48","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1650","article-title":"Clinical versus functional reaction time: implications for postconcussion management","volume":"52","author":"Lempke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nJohnson RS,\nSchmidt JD,\nLynall RC. Clinical versus functional reaction time: implications for postconcussion management. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(8):1650\u20131657. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002300"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b49","series-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil","first-page":"65","article-title":"Locomotor deficits in recently concussed athletes and matched controls during single and dual-task turning gait: preliminary results","volume":"13","author":"Fino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fino PC,\nNussbaum MA,\nBrolinson PG. Locomotor deficits in recently concussed athletes and matched controls during single and dual-task turning gait: preliminary results. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2016;13(1):65. doi:10.1186\/s12984-016-0177-y"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b50","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of a functional reaction time assessment battery","volume":"30","author":"Lynall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lynall RC,\nJohnson RS,\nLempke LB,\nSchmidt JD. Test-retest reliability of a functional reaction time assessment battery. J Sport Rehabil. 2021;30(8):1237\u20131241. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2021-0021"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b51","series-title":"Symbol Digit Modalities Test","author":"Smith","year":"1973","unstructured":"Smith A. Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Western Psychological Services; 1973."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b52","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"238","article-title":"Dual-task tandem gait and average walking speed in healthy collegiate athletes","volume":"29","author":"Howell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howell DR,\nOldham JR,\nMeehan WP 3rd,\nDiFabio MS,\nBuckley TA. Dual-task tandem gait and average walking speed in healthy collegiate athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2019;29(3):238\u2013244. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000509"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b53","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"305","article-title":"Normative tandem gait in collegiate student-athletes: implications for clinical concussion assessment","volume":"9","author":"Oldham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oldham JR,\nDiFabio MS,\nKaminski TW,\nDeWolf RM,\nBuckley TA. Normative tandem gait in collegiate student-athletes: implications for clinical concussion assessment. Sports Health. 2017;9(4):305\u2013311. doi:10.1177\/1941738116680999"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b54","series-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"167","article-title":"Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and Animal Naming","volume":"14","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tombaugh TN,\nKozak J,\nRees L. Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and Animal Naming. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 1999;14(2):167\u2013177. doi:10.1016\/S0887-6177(97)00095-4"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b55","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology","first-page":"2693","article-title":"Wechsler Test of Adult Reading","author":"Venegas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Venegas J,\nClark E. Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. In: \nKreutzer JS,\nDeLuca J,\nCaplan B, eds. Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer; 2011:2693\u20132694. doi:10.1007\/978-0-387-79948-3_1500"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b56","series-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol","first-page":"163","article-title":"Measuring premorbid IQ in traumatic brain injury: an examination of the validity of the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR)","volume":"30","author":"Green","year":"2008","unstructured":"Green REA,\nMelo B,\nChristensen B,\nNgo L-A,\nMonette G,\nBradbury C. Measuring premorbid IQ in traumatic brain injury: an examination of the validity of the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2008;30(2):163\u2013172. doi:10.1080\/13803390701300524"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b57","series-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult","first-page":"69","article-title":"Comparison of the WRAT4 Reading Subtest and the WTAR for estimating premorbid ability level","volume":"21","author":"Mullen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mullen CM,\nFouty HE. Comparison of the WRAT4 Reading Subtest and the WTAR for estimating premorbid ability level. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2014;21(1):69\u201372. doi:10.1080\/09084282.2012.727111"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b58","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"263","article-title":"Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes","volume":"36","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guskiewicz KM,\nRoss SE,\nMarshall SW. Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 2001;36(3):263\u2013273."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b59","series-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"623","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a computerized neurocognitive test battery, CNS Vital Signs","volume":"21","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gualtieri CT,\nJohnson LG. Reliability and validity of a computerized neurocognitive test battery, CNS Vital Signs. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2006;21(7):623\u2013643. doi:10.1016\/j.acn.2006.05.007"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b60","article-title":"CNS Vital Signs, LLC","author":"Concussion Vital Signs","unstructured":"Concussion Vital Signs. CNS Vital Signs, LLC. Accessed July 12, 2021. http:\/\/www.concussionvitalsigns.com\/index.html"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b61","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"17","article-title":"Athletic trainers\u2019 concussion-assessment and -management practices: an update","volume":"51","author":"Lempke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nSchmidt JD,\nLynall RC. Athletic trainers\u2019 concussion-assessment and -management practices: an update. J Athl Train. 2020;51(1):17\u201326. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-322-18"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b62","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"343","article-title":"The effects of sleep quality and sleep quantity on concussion baseline assessment","volume":"23","author":"Mihalik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mihalik JP,\nLengas E,\nRegister-Mihalik JK,\nOyama S,\nBegalle RL,\nGuskiewicz KM. The effects of sleep quality and sleep quantity on concussion baseline assessment. Clin J Sport Med. 2013;23(5):343\u2013348. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318295a834"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b63","series-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"683","article-title":"Effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and stimulant medication on concussion symptom reporting and computerized neurocognitive test performance","volume":"30","author":"Littleton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Littleton AC,\nSchmidt JD,\nRegister-Mihalik JK, et al. Effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and stimulant medication on concussion symptom reporting and computerized neurocognitive test performance. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2015;30(7):683\u2013693. doi:10.1093\/arclin\/acv043"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b64","series-title":"J Sport Health Sci","first-page":"145","article-title":"Slowed driving reaction time following concussion symptom resolution","volume":"10","author":"Lempke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nLynall RC,\nHoffman NL,\nDevos H,\nSchmidt JD. Slowed driving reaction time following concussion symptom resolution. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10(2):145\u2013153. doi:10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.09.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b65","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"323","article-title":"Concussion characteristics and early postinjury outcomes between college students and intercollegiate athletes","volume":"103","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anderson MN,\nLempke LB,\nJohnson RS,\nLynall RC,\nSchmidt JD. Concussion characteristics and early postinjury outcomes between college students and intercollegiate athletes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;103(2):323\u2013330. doi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b66","series-title":"Psychol Bull","first-page":"420","article-title":"Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability","volume":"86","author":"Shrout","year":"1979","unstructured":"Shrout PE,\nFleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979;86(2):420\u2013428. doi:10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b67","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"231","article-title":"Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM","volume":"19","author":"Weir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weir JP. Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19(1):231\u2013240. doi:10.1519\/15184.1"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b68","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"415","article-title":"Combining neurocognitive and functional tests to improve return-to-sport decisions following ACL reconstruction","volume":"53","author":"Grooms","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grooms DR,\nChaput M,\nSimon JE,\nCriss CR,\nMyer GD,\nDiekfuss JA. Combining neurocognitive and functional tests to improve return-to-sport decisions following ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2023;53(8):415\u2013419. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2023.11489"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b69","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1488","article-title":"Visual-spatial memory deficits are related to increased knee valgus angle during a sport-specific sidestep cut","volume":"47","author":"Monfort","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monfort SM,\nPradarelli JJ,\nGrooms DR,\nHutchison KA,\nOnate JA,\nChaudhari AMW. Visual-spatial memory deficits are related to increased knee valgus angle during a sport-specific sidestep cut. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(6):1488\u20131495. doi:10.1177\/0363546519834544"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b70","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"826","article-title":"Reliability of computerized neurocognitive tests for concussion assessment: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Farnsworth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farnsworth JL 2nd,\nDargo L,\nRagan BG,\nKang M. Reliability of computerized neurocognitive tests for concussion assessment: a meta-analysis. J Athl Train. 2017;52(9):826\u2013833. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-52.6.03"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b71","series-title":"Orthop J Sports Med","first-page":"23259671211032246","article-title":"Relationship between cognitive performance and lower extremity biomechanics: implications for sports-related concussion","volume":"9","author":"Avedesian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Avedesian JM,\nCovassin T,\nBaez S,\nNash J,\nNagelhout E,\nDufek JS. Relationship between cognitive performance and lower extremity biomechanics: implications for sports-related concussion. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9(8):23259671211032246. doi:10.1177\/23259671211032246"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b72","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"410","article-title":"Test-retest, interrater reliability, and minimal detectable change of the Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) for concussion","volume":"15","author":"Sinnott","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sinnott AM,\nEagle SR,\nKochick V, et al. Test-retest, interrater reliability, and minimal detectable change of the Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) for concussion. Sports Health. 2023;15(3):410\u2013421. doi:10.1177\/19417381221093556"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b73","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"210","article-title":"Return-to-play with R2Play: protocol for evaluating cross-site feasibility, face validity, and content validity of a multidomain concussion assessment tool for youth","volume":"34","author":"Scratch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scratch S,\nShore J,\nDuPlessis D, et al. Return-to-play with R2Play: protocol for evaluating cross-site feasibility, face validity, and content validity of a multidomain concussion assessment tool for youth. J Sport Rehabil. 2024;34(3):210\u2013224. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2024-0106"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b01","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"526","article-title":"Epidemiology of concussions in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports: 2014\/15\u20132018\/19","volume":"50","author":"Chandran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chandran A,\nBoltz AJ,\nMorris SN, et al. Epidemiology of concussions in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports: 2014\/15\u20132018\/19. Am J Sports Med. 2022;50(2):526\u2013536. doi:10.1177\/03635465211060340"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b02","series-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil","first-page":"E37","article-title":"Epidemiology of isolated versus nonisolated mild traumatic brain injury treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2006\u20132012: sociodemographic characteristics","volume":"32","author":"Cancelliere","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cancelliere C,\nCoronado VG,\nTaylor CA,\nXu L. Epidemiology of isolated versus nonisolated mild traumatic brain injury treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2006\u20132012: sociodemographic characteristics. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2017;32(4):E37\u2013E46. doi:10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000260"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b03","series-title":"Brain Imaging Behav","first-page":"358","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in the US military: epidemiology and key clinical and research programs","volume":"9","author":"Helmick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Helmick KM,\nSpells CA,\nMalik SZ,\nDavies CA,\nMarion DW,\nHinds SR. Traumatic brain injury in the US military: epidemiology and key clinical and research programs. Brain Imaging Behav. 2015;9(3):358\u2013366. doi:10.1007\/s11682-015-9399-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b04","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"403","article-title":"The natural history of sport-related concussion in collegiate athletes: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium","volume":"52","author":"Broglio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Broglio SP,\nMcAllister T,\nKatz BP,\nLaPradd M,\nZhou W,\nMcCrea MA; CARE Consortium Investigators. The natural history of sport-related concussion in collegiate athletes: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium. Sports Med. 2022;52(2):403\u2013415. doi:10.1007\/s40279-021-01541-7"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b05","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"737","article-title":"Beyond acute concussion assessment to office management: a systematic review informing the development of a Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool (SCOAT6) for adults and children","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patricios JS,\nSchneider GM,\nvan Ierssel J, et al. Beyond acute concussion assessment to office management: a systematic review informing the development of a Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool (SCOAT6) for adults and children. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):737\u2013748. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106897"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b06","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"722","article-title":"Acute evaluation of sport-related concussion and implications for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) for adults, adolescents and children: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Echemendia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Echemendia RJ,\nBurma JS,\nBruce JM, et al. Acute evaluation of sport-related concussion and implications for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) for adults, adolescents and children: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):722\u2013735. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106661"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b07","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"e591","article-title":"Relationship and latent factors between clinical concussion assessments and the functional Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time (StART)","volume":"32","author":"Lempke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nPassalugo S,\nBaranker BT, et al. Relationship and latent factors between clinical concussion assessments and the functional Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time (StART). Clin J Sport Med. 2022;32(6):e591\u2013e597. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001061"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b08","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"695","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport\u2014Amsterdam, October 2022","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patricios JS,\nSchneider KJ,\nDvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport\u2014Amsterdam, October 2022. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):695\u2013711. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106898"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b09","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1739","article-title":"Quantifying the value of multidimensional assessment models for acute concussion: an analysis of data from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium","volume":"48","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garcia G-GP,\nBroglio SP,\nLavieri MS,\nMcCrea M,\nMcAllister T; CARE Consortium Investigators. Quantifying the value of multidimensional assessment models for acute concussion: an analysis of data from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium. Sports Med. 2018;48(7):1739\u20131749. doi:10.1007\/s40279-018-0880-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b10","series-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med","first-page":"e000012","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of clinical measures of sport concussion: three tests are better than one","volume":"2","author":"Resch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Resch JE,\nBrown CN,\nSchmidt J, et al. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical measures of sport concussion: three tests are better than one. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2016;2(1):e000012. doi:10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000012"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b11","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"297","article-title":"Age-related differences and reliability on computerized and paper-and-pencil neurocognitive assessment batteries","volume":"47","author":"Register-Mihalik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Register-Mihalik JK,\nKontos DL,\nGuskiewicz KM,\nMihalik JP,\nConder R,\nShields EW. Age-related differences and reliability on computerized and paper-and-pencil neurocognitive assessment batteries. J Athl Train. 2012;47(3):297\u2013305. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-47.3.13"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b12","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"506","article-title":"ImPact test-retest reliability: reliably unreliable","volume":"48","author":"Resch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Resch J,\nDriscoll A,\nMcCaffrey N, et al. ImPact test-retest reliability: reliably unreliable? J Athl Train. 2013;48(4):506\u2013511. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-48.3.09"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b13","series-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Child","first-page":"300","article-title":"Long-term test-retest reliability of the vestibular\/ocular motor screening for concussion in child athletes: a preliminary study","volume":"13","author":"Moran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moran RN,\nBretzin AC. Long-term test-retest reliability of the vestibular\/ocular motor screening for concussion in child athletes: a preliminary study. Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2024;13(4):300\u2013305. doi:10.1080\/21622965.2022.2163172"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b14","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and interpretation of common concussion assessment tools: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE consortium","volume":"48","author":"Broglio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broglio SP,\nKatz BP,\nZhao S,\nMcCrea M,\nMcAllister T; CARE Consortium Investigators. Test-retest reliability and interpretation of common concussion assessment tools: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE consortium. Sports Med. 2018;48(5):1255\u20131268. doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0813-0"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b15","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1437","article-title":"A national study on the effects of concussion in collegiate athletes and US military service academy members: the NCAA\u2013DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium structure and methods","volume":"47","author":"Broglio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Broglio SP,\nMcCrea M,\nMcAllister T, et al.; CARE Consortium Investigators. A national study on the effects of concussion in collegiate athletes and US military service academy members: the NCAA\u2013DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium structure and methods. Sports Med. 2017;47(7):1437\u20131451. doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0707-1"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b16","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"622","article-title":"Sport concussion assessment toolTM\u20136 (SCAT6)","volume":"57","author":"Echemendia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Echemendia RJ,\nBrett BL,\nBroglio S, et al. Sport concussion assessment toolTM\u20136 (SCAT6). Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):622\u2013631. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107036"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b17","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"102","article-title":"CARE Consortium Investigators. Return to play and risk of repeat concussion in collegiate football players: comparative analysis from the NCAA Concussion Study (1999\u20132001) and CARE Consortium (2014\u20132017)","volume":"54","author":"McCrea","year":"2020","unstructured":"McCrea M,\nBroglio S,\nMcAllister T, et al.; CARE Consortium Investigators. Return to play and risk of repeat concussion in collegiate football players: comparative analysis from the NCAA Concussion Study (1999\u20132001) and CARE Consortium (2014\u20132017). Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(2):102\u2013109. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100579"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b18","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"2491","article-title":"Aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Langevin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Langevin P,\nFr\u00e9mont P,\nFait P,\nDub\u00e9 MO,\nBertrand-Charette M,\nRoy JS. Aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(12):2491\u20132499. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002402"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b19","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Single season re-injury risk after concussion and lower extremity injury among male, collision sport, high school athletes","volume":"24","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilson JC,\nCarry PM,\nDaoud AK, et al. Single season re-injury risk after concussion and lower extremity injury among male, collision sport, high school athletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2021;24(11):1105\u20131109. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.04.015"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b20","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Lower extremity musculoskeletal injury risk after concussion recovery in high school athletes","volume":"52","author":"Lynall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lynall RC,\nMauntel TC,\nPohlig RT, et al. Lower extremity musculoskeletal injury risk after concussion recovery in high school athletes. J Athl Train. 2017;52(11):1028\u20131034. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-52.11.22"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b21","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1754","article-title":"Musculoskeletal injury risk after sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"McPherson","year":"2019","unstructured":"McPherson AL,\nNagai T,\nWebster KE,\nHewett TE. Musculoskeletal injury risk after sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(7):1754\u20131762. doi:10.1177\/0363546518785901"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b22","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"2487","article-title":"Acute lower extremity injury rates increase after concussion in college athletes","volume":"47","author":"Lynall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lynall RC,\nMauntel TC,\nPadua DA,\nMihalik JP. Acute lower extremity injury rates increase after concussion in college athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(12):2487\u20132492. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000716"},{"issue":"19","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b23","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"2549","article-title":"Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study","volume":"290","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guskiewicz KM,\nMcCrea M,\nMarshall SW, et al. Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA. 2003;290(19):2549\u20132555. doi:10.1001\/jama.290.19.2549"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b24","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"876","article-title":"Effects of a symptom\u2010free waiting period on clinical outcome and risk of reinjury after sport\u2010related concussion","volume":"65","author":"McCrea","year":"2009","unstructured":"McCrea M,\nGuskiewicz K,\nRandolph C, et al. Effects of a symptom\u2010free waiting period on clinical outcome and risk of reinjury after sport\u2010related concussion. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(5):876\u2013882. doi:10.1227\/01.NEU.0000350155.89800.00"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b25","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"2279","article-title":"Gait performance is associated with subsequent lower extremity injury following concussion","volume":"52","author":"Oldham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oldham JR,\nHowell DR,\nKnight CA,\nCrenshaw JR,\nBuckley TA. Gait performance is associated with subsequent lower extremity injury following concussion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(11):2279\u20132285. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002385"},{"issue":"14","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b26","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"1630","article-title":"Worsening dual-task gait costs after concussion and their association with subsequent sport-related injury","volume":"35","author":"Howell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howell DR,\nBuckley TA,\nLynall RC,\nMeehan WP 3rd. Worsening dual-task gait costs after concussion and their association with subsequent sport-related injury. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35(14):1630\u20131636. doi:10.1089\/neu.2017.5570"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b27","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Concussions are associated with decreased batting performance among Major League Baseball players","volume":"43","author":"Wasserman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wasserman EB,\nAbar B,\nShah MN,\nWasserman D,\nBazarian JJ. Concussions are associated with decreased batting performance among Major League Baseball players. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(5):1127\u20131133. doi:10.1177\/0363546515576130"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b28","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2050","article-title":"On-field performance of National Football League players after return from concussion","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar NS,\nChin M,\nO\u2019Neill C,\nJakoi AM,\nTabb L,\nWolf M. On-field performance of National Football League players after return from concussion. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(9):2050\u20132055. doi:10.1177\/0363546514539449"},{"issue":"20","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b29","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"2391","article-title":"Short-term impact of concussion in the NHL: an analysis of player longevity, performance, and financial loss","volume":"35","author":"Navarro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Navarro SM,\nPettit RW,\nHaeberle HS, et al. Short-term impact of concussion in the NHL: an analysis of player longevity, performance, and financial loss. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35(20):2391\u20132399. doi:10.1089\/neu.2017.5611"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b30","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2287","article-title":"Concussion in American versus European professional soccer: a decade-long comparative analysis of incidence, return to play, performance, and longevity","volume":"47","author":"Ramkumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramkumar PN,\nNavarro SM,\nHaeberle HS, et al. Concussion in American versus European professional soccer: a decade-long comparative analysis of incidence, return to play, performance, and longevity. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(10):2287\u20132293. doi:10.1177\/0363546519859542"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b31","series-title":"Sci Med Footb","first-page":"229","article-title":"Effects of concussion on technical performance in professional Australian football","volume":"7","author":"Clarke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Clarke AC,\nMiddleton KJ,\nGretgrix H,\nPearce AJ. Effects of concussion on technical performance in professional Australian football. Sci Med Footb. 2023;7(3):229\u2013234. doi:10.1080\/24733938.2022.2103177"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b32","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"534","article-title":"Evaluating performance of National Ice Hockey League players after a concussion versus lower body injury","volume":"54","author":"Van Pelt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Pelt KL,\nLapointe AP,\nGaldys MC,\nDougherty LA,\nBuckley TA,\nBroglio SP. Evaluating performance of National Ice Hockey League players after a concussion versus lower body injury. J Athl Train. 2019;54(5):534\u2013540. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-218-18"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b33","series-title":"Orthop J Sports Med","first-page":"2325967119854199","article-title":"Concussions in the National Basketball Association: analysis of incidence, return to play, and performance from 1999 to 2018","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel BH,\nOkoroha KR,\nJildeh TR, et al. Concussions in the National Basketball Association: analysis of incidence, return to play, and performance from 1999 to 2018. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;7(6):2325967119854199. doi:10.1177\/2325967119854199"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b34","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2717","article-title":"Effect of concussions on the performance of running backs and wide receivers in the National Football League","volume":"47","author":"Jildeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jildeh TR,\nOkoroha KR,\nTaylor KA, et al. Effect of concussions on the performance of running backs and wide receivers in the National Football League. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(11):2717\u20132722. doi:10.1177\/0363546519864581"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b35","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"527","article-title":"Concussion and National Hockey League player performance: an advanced hockey metrics analysis","volume":"54","author":"Buckley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buckley TA,\nBryk KN,\nVan Pelt KL, et al. Concussion and National Hockey League player performance: an advanced hockey metrics analysis. J Athl Train. 2019;54(5):527\u2013533. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-200-18"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b36","series-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc","first-page":"324","article-title":"Computerized neurocognitive testing within 1 week of sport-related concussion: meta-analytic review and analysis of moderating factors","volume":"20","author":"Kontos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kontos AP,\nBraithwaite R,\nDakan S,\nElbin RJ. Computerized neurocognitive testing within 1 week of sport-related concussion: meta-analytic review and analysis of moderating factors. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014;20(3):324\u2013332. doi:10.1017\/S1355617713001471"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b37","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"834","article-title":"A comparative meta-analysis of the effects of concussion on a computerized neurocognitive test and self-reported symptoms","volume":"52","author":"Alsalaheen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alsalaheen B,\nStockdale K,\nPechumer D,\nBroglio SP,\nMarchetti GF. A comparative meta-analysis of the effects of concussion on a computerized neurocognitive test and self-reported symptoms. J Athl Train. 2017;52(9):834\u2013846. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-52.7.05"},{"issue":"29","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b38","series-title":"Stat Med","first-page":"3972","article-title":"Sample size formulas for estimating intraclass correlation coefficients with precision and assurance","volume":"31","author":"Zou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zou GY. Sample size formulas for estimating intraclass correlation coefficients with precision and assurance. Stat Med. 2012;31(29):3972\u20133981. doi:10.1002\/sim.5466"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b39","series-title":"Biometrics","first-page":"159","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR,\nKoch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159\u2013174. doi:10.2307\/2529310"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b40","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2325","article-title":"Group versus individual administration affects baseline neurocognitive test performance","volume":"39","author":"Moser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moser RS,\nSchatz P,\nNeidzwski K,\nOtt SD. Group versus individual administration affects baseline neurocognitive test performance. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(11):2325\u20132330. doi:10.1177\/0363546511417114"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b41","series-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Child","first-page":"41","article-title":"The importance of proper administration and interpretation of neuropsychological baseline and postconcussion computerized testing","volume":"4","author":"Moser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moser RS,\nSchatz P,\nLichtenstein JD. The importance of proper administration and interpretation of neuropsychological baseline and postconcussion computerized testing. Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2015;4(1):41\u201348. doi:10.1080\/21622965.2013.791825"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b42","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1423","article-title":"Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association","volume":"39","author":"Haskell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haskell WL,\nLee I-M,\nPate RR, et al. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1423\u20131434. doi:10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180616b27"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b43","series-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"152","article-title":"Neurocognitive performance and symptom profiles of Spanish-speaking Hispanic athletes on the ImPACT test","volume":"29","author":"Ott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ott S,\nSchatz P,\nSolomon G,\nRyan JJ. Neurocognitive performance and symptom profiles of Spanish-speaking Hispanic athletes on the ImPACT test. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;29(2):152\u2013163. doi:10.1093\/arclin\/act091"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b44","series-title":"Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: A Handbook","author":"Schmidt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schmidt M. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: A Handbook. Western Psychological Services; 1996."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b45","series-title":"Psychol Assess","first-page":"145","article-title":"Revision of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test: studies of normal performance, reliability, and validity","volume":"8","author":"Benedict","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benedict RHB,\nSchretlen D,\nGroninger L,\nDobraski M,\nShpritz B. Revision of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test: studies of normal performance, reliability, and validity. Psychol Assess. 1996;8(2):145\u2013153. doi:10.1037\/1040-3590.8.2.145"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b46","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"579","article-title":"Reliability and minimal detectable change of the Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time (StART)","volume":"58","author":"Lempke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nShumski EJ,\nPrato TA,\nLynall RC. Reliability and minimal detectable change of the Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time (StART). J Athl Train. 2023;58(6):579\u2013587. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0391.22"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b47","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"112","article-title":"Influential factors and preliminary reference data for a clinically feasible, functional reaction time assessment: the Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time","volume":"58","author":"Lempke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nOldham JR,\nPassalugo S, et al. Influential factors and preliminary reference data for a clinically feasible, functional reaction time assessment: the Standardized Assessment of Reaction Time. J Athl Train. 2023;58(2):112\u2013119. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0073.22"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b48","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1650","article-title":"Clinical versus functional reaction time: implications for postconcussion management","volume":"52","author":"Lempke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nJohnson RS,\nSchmidt JD,\nLynall RC. Clinical versus functional reaction time: implications for postconcussion management. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(8):1650\u20131657. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002300"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b49","series-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil","first-page":"65","article-title":"Locomotor deficits in recently concussed athletes and matched controls during single and dual-task turning gait: preliminary results","volume":"13","author":"Fino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fino PC,\nNussbaum MA,\nBrolinson PG. Locomotor deficits in recently concussed athletes and matched controls during single and dual-task turning gait: preliminary results. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2016;13(1):65. doi:10.1186\/s12984-016-0177-y"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b50","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of a functional reaction time assessment battery","volume":"30","author":"Lynall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lynall RC,\nJohnson RS,\nLempke LB,\nSchmidt JD. Test-retest reliability of a functional reaction time assessment battery. J Sport Rehabil. 2021;30(8):1237\u20131241. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2021-0021"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b51","series-title":"Symbol Digit Modalities Test","author":"Smith","year":"1973","unstructured":"Smith A. Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Western Psychological Services; 1973."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b52","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"238","article-title":"Dual-task tandem gait and average walking speed in healthy collegiate athletes","volume":"29","author":"Howell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howell DR,\nOldham JR,\nMeehan WP 3rd,\nDiFabio MS,\nBuckley TA. Dual-task tandem gait and average walking speed in healthy collegiate athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2019;29(3):238\u2013244. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000509"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b53","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"305","article-title":"Normative tandem gait in collegiate student-athletes: implications for clinical concussion assessment","volume":"9","author":"Oldham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oldham JR,\nDiFabio MS,\nKaminski TW,\nDeWolf RM,\nBuckley TA. Normative tandem gait in collegiate student-athletes: implications for clinical concussion assessment. Sports Health. 2017;9(4):305\u2013311. doi:10.1177\/1941738116680999"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b54","series-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"167","article-title":"Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and Animal Naming","volume":"14","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tombaugh TN,\nKozak J,\nRees L. Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and Animal Naming. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 1999;14(2):167\u2013177. doi:10.1016\/S0887-6177(97)00095-4"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b55","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology","first-page":"2693","article-title":"Wechsler Test of Adult Reading","author":"Venegas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Venegas J,\nClark E. Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. In: \nKreutzer JS,\nDeLuca J,\nCaplan B, eds. Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer; 2011:2693\u20132694. doi:10.1007\/978-0-387-79948-3_1500"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b56","series-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol","first-page":"163","article-title":"Measuring premorbid IQ in traumatic brain injury: an examination of the validity of the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR)","volume":"30","author":"Green","year":"2008","unstructured":"Green REA,\nMelo B,\nChristensen B,\nNgo L-A,\nMonette G,\nBradbury C. Measuring premorbid IQ in traumatic brain injury: an examination of the validity of the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2008;30(2):163\u2013172. doi:10.1080\/13803390701300524"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b57","series-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult","first-page":"69","article-title":"Comparison of the WRAT4 Reading Subtest and the WTAR for estimating premorbid ability level","volume":"21","author":"Mullen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mullen CM,\nFouty HE. Comparison of the WRAT4 Reading Subtest and the WTAR for estimating premorbid ability level. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2014;21(1):69\u201372. doi:10.1080\/09084282.2012.727111"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b58","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"263","article-title":"Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes","volume":"36","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guskiewicz KM,\nRoss SE,\nMarshall SW. Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 2001;36(3):263\u2013273."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b59","series-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"623","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a computerized neurocognitive test battery, CNS Vital Signs","volume":"21","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gualtieri CT,\nJohnson LG. Reliability and validity of a computerized neurocognitive test battery, CNS Vital Signs. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2006;21(7):623\u2013643. doi:10.1016\/j.acn.2006.05.007"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b60","article-title":"CNS Vital Signs, LLC","author":"Concussion Vital Signs","unstructured":"Concussion Vital Signs. CNS Vital Signs, LLC. Accessed July 12, 2021. http:\/\/www.concussionvitalsigns.com\/index.html"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b61","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"17","article-title":"Athletic trainers\u2019 concussion-assessment and -management practices: an update","volume":"51","author":"Lempke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nSchmidt JD,\nLynall RC. Athletic trainers\u2019 concussion-assessment and -management practices: an update. J Athl Train. 2020;51(1):17\u201326. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-322-18"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b62","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"343","article-title":"The effects of sleep quality and sleep quantity on concussion baseline assessment","volume":"23","author":"Mihalik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mihalik JP,\nLengas E,\nRegister-Mihalik JK,\nOyama S,\nBegalle RL,\nGuskiewicz KM. The effects of sleep quality and sleep quantity on concussion baseline assessment. Clin J Sport Med. 2013;23(5):343\u2013348. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318295a834"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b63","series-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"683","article-title":"Effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and stimulant medication on concussion symptom reporting and computerized neurocognitive test performance","volume":"30","author":"Littleton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Littleton AC,\nSchmidt JD,\nRegister-Mihalik JK, et al. Effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and stimulant medication on concussion symptom reporting and computerized neurocognitive test performance. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2015;30(7):683\u2013693. doi:10.1093\/arclin\/acv043"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b64","series-title":"J Sport Health Sci","first-page":"145","article-title":"Slowed driving reaction time following concussion symptom resolution","volume":"10","author":"Lempke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lempke LB,\nLynall RC,\nHoffman NL,\nDevos H,\nSchmidt JD. Slowed driving reaction time following concussion symptom resolution. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10(2):145\u2013153. doi:10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.09.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b65","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"323","article-title":"Concussion characteristics and early postinjury outcomes between college students and intercollegiate athletes","volume":"103","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anderson MN,\nLempke LB,\nJohnson RS,\nLynall RC,\nSchmidt JD. Concussion characteristics and early postinjury outcomes between college students and intercollegiate athletes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;103(2):323\u2013330. doi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.09.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b66","series-title":"Psychol Bull","first-page":"420","article-title":"Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability","volume":"86","author":"Shrout","year":"1979","unstructured":"Shrout PE,\nFleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979;86(2):420\u2013428. doi:10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b67","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"231","article-title":"Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM","volume":"19","author":"Weir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weir JP. Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19(1):231\u2013240. doi:10.1519\/15184.1"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b68","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"415","article-title":"Combining neurocognitive and functional tests to improve return-to-sport decisions following ACL reconstruction","volume":"53","author":"Grooms","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grooms DR,\nChaput M,\nSimon JE,\nCriss CR,\nMyer GD,\nDiekfuss JA. Combining neurocognitive and functional tests to improve return-to-sport decisions following ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2023;53(8):415\u2013419. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2023.11489"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b69","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1488","article-title":"Visual-spatial memory deficits are related to increased knee valgus angle during a sport-specific sidestep cut","volume":"47","author":"Monfort","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monfort SM,\nPradarelli JJ,\nGrooms DR,\nHutchison KA,\nOnate JA,\nChaudhari AMW. Visual-spatial memory deficits are related to increased knee valgus angle during a sport-specific sidestep cut. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(6):1488\u20131495. doi:10.1177\/0363546519834544"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b70","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"826","article-title":"Reliability of computerized neurocognitive tests for concussion assessment: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Farnsworth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farnsworth JL 2nd,\nDargo L,\nRagan BG,\nKang M. Reliability of computerized neurocognitive tests for concussion assessment: a meta-analysis. J Athl Train. 2017;52(9):826\u2013833. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-52.6.03"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b71","series-title":"Orthop J Sports Med","first-page":"23259671211032246","article-title":"Relationship between cognitive performance and lower extremity biomechanics: implications for sports-related concussion","volume":"9","author":"Avedesian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Avedesian JM,\nCovassin T,\nBaez S,\nNash J,\nNagelhout E,\nDufek JS. Relationship between cognitive performance and lower extremity biomechanics: implications for sports-related concussion. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9(8):23259671211032246. doi:10.1177\/23259671211032246"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b72","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"410","article-title":"Test-retest, interrater reliability, and minimal detectable change of the Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) for concussion","volume":"15","author":"Sinnott","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sinnott AM,\nEagle SR,\nKochick V, et al. Test-retest, interrater reliability, and minimal detectable change of the Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) for concussion. Sports Health. 2023;15(3):410\u2013421. doi:10.1177\/19417381221093556"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-2-139-b73","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"210","article-title":"Return-to-play with R2Play: protocol for evaluating cross-site feasibility, face validity, and content validity of a multidomain concussion assessment tool for youth","volume":"34","author":"Scratch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scratch S,\nShore J,\nDuPlessis D, et al. Return-to-play with R2Play: protocol for evaluating cross-site feasibility, face validity, and content validity of a multidomain concussion assessment tool for youth. J Sport Rehabil. 2024;34(3):210\u2013224. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2024-0106"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/61\/2\/article-p139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/61\/2\/article-p139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/61\/2\/article-p139.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:59:14Z","timestamp":1773449954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/61\/2\/article-p139.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":146,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0034.25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-162X","1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-162X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}