{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:24:39Z","timestamp":1794277479470,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To provide athletic trainers and team physicians with updated recommendations to the 2014 National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association (NATA) concussion position statement regarding concussion management, specifically in the areas of education, assessment, prognostic factors, mental health, return to academics, physical activity, rest, treatment, and return to sport.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Athletic trainers have benefited from the 2 previous NATA position statements on concussion management, and although the most recent NATA position statement is a decade old, knowledge gains in the medical literature warrant updating several (but not all) recommendations. Furthermore, in various areas of the body of literature, current evidence now exists to address items not adequately addressed in the 2014 statement, necessitating the new recommendations. This document therefore serves as a bridge from the 2014 position statement to the current state of concussion evidence, recommendations from other organizations, and discrepancies between policy and practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Recommendations<\/jats:title>\n These recommendations are intended to update the state of the evidence concerning the management of patients with sport-related concussion, specifically in the areas of education; assessment advances; prognostic recovery indicators; mental health considerations; academic considerations; and exercise, activity, and rehabilitation management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0046.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T16:02:54Z","timestamp":1711468974000},"page":"225-242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association Bridge Statement: Management of Sport-Related Concussion"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Broglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Concussion Center, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johna K.","family":"Register-Mihalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Guskiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Leddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UBMD Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Merriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan Miller Dorsey High School, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara C.","family":"Valovich McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Program, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ. Dr Guskiewicz is now at the Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b01","series-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil","first-page":"185","article-title":"Trends in sports- and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries treated in US emergency departments: the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) 2001\u20132012","volume":"30","author":"Coronado","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coronado\n VG,\n \n \n Haileyesus\n T,\n \n \n Cheng\n TA,\n \n et al.\n \n Trends in sports- and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries treated in US emergency departments: the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) 2001\u20132012. 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JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(2):163\u2013168. doi:10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.2320"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b03","series-title":"Am J Public Health","first-page":"1916","article-title":"New and recurrent concussions in high-school athletes before and after traumatic brain injury laws, 2005\u20132016","volume":"107","author":"Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang\n J,\n \n \n Comstock\n RD,\n \n \n Yi\n H,\n \n \n Harvey\n HH,\n \n \n Xun\n P.\n \n \n New and recurrent concussions in high-school athletes before and after traumatic brain injury laws, 2005\u20132016. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(12):1916\u20131922. doi:10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304056"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b04","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e20154635","article-title":"Sports- and recreation-related concussions in US youth","volume":"138","author":"Bryan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bryan\n MA,\n \n \n Rowhani-Rahbar\n A,\n \n \n Comstock\n RD,\n \n \n Rivara\n F;\n \n Seattle Sports Concussion Research Collaborative\n . Sports- and recreation-related concussions in US youth. Pediatrics. 2016;138(1):e20154635. doi:10.1542\/peds.2015-4635"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b05","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2654","article-title":"Epidemiology of sports-related concussion in NCAA athletes from 2009\u20132010 to 2013\u20132014: incidence, recurrence, and mechanisms","volume":"43","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zuckerman\n SL,\n \n \n Kerr\n ZY,\n \n \n Yengo-Kahn\n A,\n \n \n Wasserman\n E,\n \n \n Covassin\n T,\n \n \n Solomon\n GS.\n \n \n Epidemiology of sports-related concussion in NCAA athletes from 2009\u20132010 to 2013\u20132014: incidence, recurrence, and mechanisms. 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Sports Health. 2021;13(5):423\u2013430. doi:10.1177\/19417381211011446"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b07","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"280","article-title":"National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association pronouncement committee: position statement on sport-related concussion","volume":"39","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guskiewicz\n KM,\n \n \n Bruce\n SL,\n \n \n Cantu\n RC,\n \n et al.\n \n National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association pronouncement committee: position statement on sport-related concussion. J Athl Train. 2004;39(3):280\u2013297."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b08","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"245","article-title":"National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association. National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement: management of sport concussion","volume":"49","author":"Broglio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Broglio\n SP,\n \n \n Cantu\n RC,\n \n \n Gioia\n GA,\n \n et al.\n ; National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association. National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement: management of sport concussion. J Athl Train. 2014;49(2):245\u2013265. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.07"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b09","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"102","article-title":"Return to play and risk of repeat concussion in collegiate football players: comparative analysis from the NCAA Concussion Study (1999\u20132001) and CARE Consortium (2014\u20132017)","volume":"54","author":"McCrea","year":"2020","unstructured":"McCrea\n M,\n \n \n Broglio\n S,\n \n \n McAllister\n T,\n \n et al.; CARE Consortium Investigators. Return to play and risk of repeat concussion in collegiate football players: comparative analysis from the NCAA Concussion Study (1999\u20132001) and CARE Consortium (2014\u20132017). Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(2):102\u2013109. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100579"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b10","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"17","article-title":"Athletic trainers\u2019 concussion-assessment and concussion-management practices: an update","volume":"55","author":"Lempke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lempke\n LB,\n \n \n Schmidt\n JD,\n \n \n Lynall\n RC.\n \n \n Athletic trainers\u2019 concussion-assessment and concussion-management practices: an update. J Athl Train. 2020;55(1):17\u201326. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-322-18"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b11","series-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci","first-page":"643","article-title":"Therapy and rehabilitation of mild brain injury\/concussion: systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas\n RE,\n \n \n Alves\n J,\n \n \n Vaska Mlis\n MM,\n \n \n Magalhaes\n R.\n \n \n Therapy and rehabilitation of mild brain injury\/concussion: systematic review. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2017;35(6):643\u2013666. doi:10.3233\/RNN-170761"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b12","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1835","article-title":"The role of active rehabilitation in concussion management: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Carter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carter\n KM,\n \n \n Pauhl\n AN,\n \n \n Christie\n AD.\n \n \n The role of active rehabilitation in concussion management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(9):1835\u20131845. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002663"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b13","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"154","article-title":"Exercise for sport-related concussion and persistent postconcussive symptoms","volume":"13","author":"Haider","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haider\n MN,\n \n \n Bezherano\n I,\n \n \n Wertheimer\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Exercise for sport-related concussion and persistent postconcussive symptoms. Sports Health. 2021;13(2):154\u2013160. doi:10.1177\/1941738120946015"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b14","series-title":"JAMA Pediatr","first-page":"319","article-title":"Early subthreshold aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"173","author":"Leddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leddy\n JJ,\n \n \n Haider\n MN,\n \n \n Ellis\n MJ,\n \n et al.\n \n Early subthreshold aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(4):319\u2013325. doi:10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4397"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b15","series-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health","first-page":"792","article-title":"Early targeted heart rate aerobic exercise versus placebo stretching for sport-related concussion in adolescents: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Leddy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leddy\n JJ,\n \n \n Master\n CL,\n \n \n Mannix\n R,\n \n et al.\n \n Early targeted heart rate aerobic exercise versus placebo stretching for sport-related concussion in adolescents: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021;5(11):792\u2013799. doi:10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00267-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b16","series-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther","first-page":"87","article-title":"Vestibular rehabilitation for dizziness and balance disorders after concussion","volume":"34","author":"Alsalaheen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alsalaheen\n BA,\n \n \n Mucha\n A,\n \n \n Morris\n LO,\n \n et al.\n \n Vestibular rehabilitation for dizziness and balance disorders after concussion. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2010;34(2):87\u201393. doi:10.1097\/NPT.0b013e3181dde568"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b17","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"838","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCrory\n P,\n \n \n Meeuwisse\n W,\n \n \n Dvo\u0159\u00e1k\n J,\n \n et al.\n \n Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Berlin, October 2016. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(11):838\u2013847. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b18","series-title":"J Sch Health","first-page":"849","article-title":"Establishing consensus for essential elements in returning to learn following a concussion","volume":"90","author":"McAvoy","year":"2020","unstructured":"McAvoy\n K,\n \n \n Eagan-Johnson\n B,\n \n \n Dymacek\n R,\n \n \n Hooper\n S,\n \n \n McCart\n M,\n \n \n Tyler\n J.\n \n \n Establishing consensus for essential elements in returning to learn following a concussion. J Sch Health. 2020;90(11):849\u2013858. doi:10.1111\/josh.12949"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b19","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"695","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport\u2013Amsterdam, October 2022","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patricios\n JS,\n \n \n Schneider\n KJ,\n \n \n Dvorak\n J,\n \n et al.\n \n Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport\u2013Amsterdam, October 2022. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):695\u2013711. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106898"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b20","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"213","article-title":"American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement on concussion in sport","volume":"53","author":"Harmon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harmon\n KG,\n \n \n Clugston\n JR,\n \n \n Dec\n K,\n \n et al.\n \n American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement on concussion in sport. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(4):213\u2013225. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100338"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b21","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"855","article-title":"Determining outcome in children and adolescents after concussion: viewing things more holistically","volume":"49","author":"Gagnon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gagnon\n I.\n \n \n Determining outcome in children and adolescents after concussion: viewing things more holistically. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019;49(11):855\u2013863. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2019.8918"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b22","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"513","article-title":"Concussion as a multi-scale complex system: an interdisciplinary synthesis of current knowledge","volume":"8","author":"Kenzie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kenzie\n ES,\n \n \n Parks\n EL,\n \n \n Bigler\n ED,\n \n \n Lim\n MM,\n \n \n Chesnutt\n JC,\n \n \n Wakeland\n W.\n \n \n Concussion as a multi-scale complex system: an interdisciplinary synthesis of current knowledge. Front Neurol. 2017;8:513. doi:10.3389\/fneur.2017.00513"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b23","series-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep","first-page":"44","article-title":"Utilizing the biopsychosocial model in concussion treatment: post-traumatic headache and beyond","volume":"24","author":"Register-Mihalik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Register-Mihalik\n JK,\n \n \n DeFreese\n JD,\n \n \n Callahan\n CE,\n \n \n Carneiro\n K.\n \n \n Utilizing the biopsychosocial model in concussion treatment: post-traumatic headache and beyond. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2020;24(8):44. doi:10.1007\/s11916-020-00870-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b24","series-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult","first-page":"91","article-title":"Understanding racial differences in computerized neurocognitive test performance and symptom-reporting to deliver culturally competent patient-centered care for sport-related concussion","volume":"30","author":"Wallace","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wallace\n J,\n \n \n Beidler\n E,\n \n \n Covassin\n T,\n \n \n Hibbler\n T,\n \n \n Schatz\n P.\n \n \n Understanding racial differences in computerized neurocognitive test performance and symptom-reporting to deliver culturally competent patient-centered care for sport-related concussion. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2023;30(1):91\u2013100. doi:10.1080\/23279095.2021.1912047"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b25","series-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil","first-page":"139","article-title":"Assessing differences in concussion symptom knowledge and sources of information among black and white collegiate-athletes","volume":"36","author":"Wallace","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wallace\n J,\n \n \n Beidler\n E,\n \n \n Kerr\n ZY,\n \n \n Hibbler\n T,\n \n \n Anderson\n M,\n \n \n Register-Mihalik\n JK.\n \n \n Assessing differences in concussion symptom knowledge and sources of information among black and white collegiate-athletes. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2021;36(3):139\u2013148. doi:10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000672"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b26","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"16","article-title":"Examining concussion nondisclosure in college athletes using a health disparities framework and appreciation for social determinants of health","volume":"57","author":"Wallace","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wallace\n J,\n \n \n Beidler\n E,\n \n \n Register-Mihalik\n JK,\n \n et al.\n \n Examining concussion nondisclosure in college athletes using a health disparities framework and appreciation for social determinants of health. J Athl Train. 2022;57(1):16\u201324. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0054.21"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b27","series-title":"J Clin Transl Res","first-page":"168","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and race as social determinants of health to be considered in clinical use of pre-season vestibular and oculomotor tests for concussion","volume":"6","author":"Wallace","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallace\n J,\n \n \n Worts\n P,\n \n \n Moran\n R,\n \n et al.\n \n Socioeconomic status and race as social determinants of health to be considered in clinical use of pre-season vestibular and oculomotor tests for concussion. 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J Pediatr. 2021;233:249\u2013254.e1. doi:101016\/j.jpeds.2021.01.057"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b29","series-title":"Int J Equity Health","first-page":"174","article-title":"Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: a literature review and recommended definition","volume":"18","author":"Curtis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Curtis\n E,\n \n \n Jones\n R,\n \n \n Tipene-Leach\n D,\n \n et al.\n \n Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: a literature review and recommended definition. 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Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2020;26(3):271\u2013279. doi:10.1037\/cdp0000295"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b31","series-title":"J Am Board Fam Pract","first-page":"59","article-title":"Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature","volume":"17","author":"Ebell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ebell\n MH,\n \n \n Siwek\n J,\n \n \n Weiss\n BD,\n \n et al.\n \n Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2004;17(1):59\u201367. doi:10.3122\/jabfm.17.1.59"},{"issue":"22","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b32","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1314","article-title":"Improving concussion education: consensus from the NCAA-Department of Defense Mind Matters Research & Education Grand Challenge","volume":"54","author":"Kroshus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kroshus\n E,\n \n \n Cameron\n KL,\n \n \n Coatsworth\n JD,\n \n et al.\n \n Improving concussion education: consensus from the NCAA-Department of Defense Mind Matters Research & Education Grand Challenge. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(22):1314\u20131320. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102185"},{"issue":"20","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b33","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"2418","article-title":"Post-concussion driving behaviors and opinions: a survey of collegiate student-athletes","volume":"35","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmidt\n JD,\n \n \n Lynall\n RC,\n \n \n Lempke\n LB,\n \n \n Weber\n ML,\n \n \n Devos\n H.\n \n \n Post-concussion driving behaviors and opinions: a survey of collegiate student-athletes. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35(20):2418\u20132424. doi:10.1089\/neu.2018.5707"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b34","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"1652","article-title":"Post-concussion driving management among athletic trainers","volume":"33","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schmidt\n JD,\n \n \n Lynall\n RC,\n \n \n Lempke\n LB,\n \n \n Weber\n ML,\n \n \n Devos\n H.\n \n \n Post-concussion driving management among athletic trainers. Brain Inj. 2019;33(13\u201314):1652\u20131659. doi:10.1089\/neu.2018.5707"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b35","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"1571","article-title":"Driving after concussion: is it safe to drive after symptoms resolve","volume":"34","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmidt\n JD,\n \n \n Hoffman\n NL,\n \n \n Ranchet\n M,\n \n et al.\n \n Driving after concussion: is it safe to drive after symptoms resolve? J Neurotrauma. 2017;34(8):1571\u20131578. doi:10.1089\/neu.2016.4668"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b36","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"837","article-title":"5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport (Berlin)","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCrory\n P,\n \n \n Meeuwisse\n WH,\n \n \n Dvo\u0159\u00e1k\n J,\n \n et al.\n \n 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport (Berlin). Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(11):837. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097878"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b37","series-title":"J Sport Health Sci","first-page":"145","article-title":"Slowed driving-reaction time following concussion-symptom resolution","volume":"10","author":"Lempke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lempke\n LB,\n \n \n Lynall\n RC,\n \n \n Hoffman\n NL,\n \n \n Devos\n H,\n \n \n Schmidt\n JD.\n \n \n Slowed driving-reaction time following concussion-symptom resolution. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10(2):145\u2013153. doi:10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.09.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b38","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"128","article-title":"Inter-association consensus statement on best practices for sports medicine management for secondary schools and colleges","volume":"49","author":"Courson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Courson\n R,\n \n \n Goldenberg\n M,\n \n \n Adams\n KG,\n \n et al.\n \n Inter-association consensus statement on best practices for sports medicine management for secondary schools and colleges. J Athl Train. 2014;49(1):128\u2013137. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.06"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b39","article-title":"National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association official statement in support of new NCAA Autonomous 5 (aka Power 5) conferences\u2019 independent medical care rules","year":"2016","unstructured":"National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association official statement in support of new NCAA Autonomous 5 (aka Power 5) conferences\u2019 independent medical care rules. National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association. Published February2016. Accessed April 1, 2021. https:\/\/www.nata.org\/sites\/default\/files\/power-5-official-statement.pdf"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b40","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"S113","article-title":"Concussion: key stakeholders and multidisciplinary participation in making sports safe","volume":"75","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guskiewicz\n K,\n \n \n Teel\n E,\n \n \n McCrea\n M.\n \n \n Concussion: key stakeholders and multidisciplinary participation in making sports safe. Neurosurgery. 2014;75(suppl 4):S113\u2013S118. doi:10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000494"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b41","article-title":"Interassociation consensus: independent medical care for college student-athletes best practices","author":"NCAA Sport Science Institute","unstructured":"NCAA Sport Science Institute\n . Interassociation consensus: independent medical care for college student-athletes best practices. Accessed August 2, 2022. https:\/\/ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com\/ssi"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b42","series-title":"J Safety Res","first-page":"166","article-title":"Racial disparities in parent knowledge of concussion and recognition of signs and symptoms","volume":"75","author":"Wallace","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallace\n J,\n \n \n Affagato\n R,\n \n \n Brooke\n M,\n \n \n McAllister-Deitrick\n J,\n \n \n Moran\n RN,\n \n \n Covassin\n T.\n \n \n Racial disparities in parent knowledge of concussion and recognition of signs and symptoms. J Safety Res. 2020;75:166\u2013172. doi:10.1016\/j.jsr.2020.09.007"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b43","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2774","article-title":"Disparities on baseline performance using neurocognitive and oculomotor clinical measures of concussion","volume":"48","author":"Wallace","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallace\n J,\n \n \n Moran\n R,\n \n \n Beidler\n E,\n \n et al.\n \n Disparities on baseline performance using neurocognitive and oculomotor clinical measures of concussion. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(11):2774\u20132782. doi:10.1177\/0363546520946753"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b44","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"352","article-title":"Health care navigation of Black and White adolescents after sport-related concussion: a path toward health equity","volume":"57","author":"Wallace","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wallace\n J,\n \n \n Hou\n BQ,\n \n \n Hajdu\n K,\n \n et al.\n \n Health care navigation of Black and White adolescents after sport-related concussion: a path toward health equity. J Athl Train. 2022;57(4):352\u2013359. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0330.21"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b45","series-title":"Sports Med Leg Digest","first-page":"8","article-title":"Athlete pressured to play through head injury sues football coach and school district","volume":"2","author":"Carroll","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carroll\n MS,\n \n \n Wieczorek\n SH.\n \n \n Athlete pressured to play through head injury sues football coach and school district. Sports Med Leg Digest. 2018;2(1):8\u201312."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b46","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"231","article-title":"Interassociation recommendations for developing a plan to recognize and refer student-athletes with psychological concerns at the secondary school level: a consensus statement","volume":"50","author":"Neal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neal\n TL,\n \n \n Diamond\n AB,\n \n \n Goldman\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n Interassociation recommendations for developing a plan to recognize and refer student-athletes with psychological concerns at the secondary school level: a consensus statement. J Athl Train. 2015;50(3):231\u2013249. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-50.3.03"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b47","series-title":"Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice","author":"Portney","year":"2020","unstructured":"Portney\n LG.\n \n \n \n Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice\n . 4th ed. FA Davis; 2020."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b48","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1621","article-title":"Identifying impairments after concussion: normative data versus individualized baselines","volume":"44","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmidt\n JD,\n \n \n Register-Mihalik\n JK,\n \n \n Mihalik\n JP,\n \n \n Kerr\n ZY,\n \n \n Guskiewicz\n KM.\n \n \n Identifying impairments after concussion: normative data versus individualized baselines. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(9):1621\u20131628. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318258a9fb"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b49","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"474","article-title":"A positive Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) is associated with increased recovery time after sports-related concussion in youth and adolescent athletes","volume":"45","author":"Anzalone","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anzalone\n AJ,\n \n \n Blueitt\n D,\n \n \n Case\n T,\n \n et al.\n \n A positive Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) is associated with increased recovery time after sports-related concussion in youth and adolescent athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(2):474\u2013479. doi:10.1177\/0363546516668624"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b50","series-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med","first-page":"e000970","article-title":"Evaluation of the vestibular and ocular motor screening (VOMS) as a prognostic tool for protracted recovery following paediatric sports-related concussion","volume":"7","author":"Knell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Knell\n G,\n \n \n Caze\n T,\n \n \n Burkhart\n SO.\n \n \n Evaluation of the vestibular and ocular motor screening (VOMS) as a prognostic tool for protracted recovery following paediatric sports-related concussion. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2021;7(1):e000970. doi:10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000970"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b51","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"139","article-title":"Vision and vestibular system dysfunction predicts prolonged concussion recovery in children","volume":"28","author":"Master","year":"2018","unstructured":"Master\n CL,\n \n \n Master\n SR,\n \n \n Wiebe\n DJ,\n \n et al.\n \n Vision and vestibular system dysfunction predicts prolonged concussion recovery in children. Clin J Sport Med. 2018;28(2):139\u2013145. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000507"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b52","series-title":"Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"1613","article-title":"An updated review of the prevalence of invalid performance on the Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT)","volume":"36","author":"Messa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Messa\n I,\n \n \n Korcsog\n K,\n \n \n Abeare\n C.\n \n \n An updated review of the prevalence of invalid performance on the Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). Clin Neuropsychol. 2020;36(7):1613\u20131636. doi:10.1080\/13854046.2020.1866676"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b53","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"513","article-title":"Practical management: brief physical examination for sport-related concussion in the outpatient setting","volume":"30","author":"Haider","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haider\n MN,\n \n \n Leddy\n JJ,\n \n \n Du\n W,\n \n \n Macfarlane\n AJ,\n \n \n Viera\n KB,\n \n \n Willer\n BS.\n \n \n Practical management: brief physical examination for sport-related concussion in the outpatient setting. Clin J Sport Med. 2020;30(5):513\u2013517. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000687"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b54","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"382","article-title":"Management of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury: a synthesis of practice guidelines","volume":"101","author":"Silverberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silverberg\n ND,\n \n \n Iaccarino\n MA,\n \n \n Panenka\n WJ,\n \n et al.; American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Brain Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group Mild TBI Task Force. Management of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury: a synthesis of practice guidelines. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(2):382\u2013393. doi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.10.179"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b55","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"648","article-title":"Introducing the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6)","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patricios\n JS,\n \n \n Davis\n GA,\n \n \n Ahmed\n OH,\n \n et al.\n \n Introducing the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6). Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(11):648\u2013650. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106860"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b56","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"716","article-title":"Inter-association recommendations for developing a plan to recognize and refer student-athletes with psychological concerns at the collegiate level: an executive summary of a consensus statement","volume":"48","author":"Neal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neal\n TL,\n \n \n Diamond\n AB,\n \n \n Goldman\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n Inter-association recommendations for developing a plan to recognize and refer student-athletes with psychological concerns at the collegiate level: an executive summary of a consensus statement. J Athl Train. 2013;48(5):716\u2013720. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-48.4.13"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b57","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1977","article-title":"Acute sport concussion assessment optimization: a prospective assessment from the CARE Consortium","volume":"49","author":"Broglio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Broglio\n SP,\n \n \n Harezlak\n J,\n \n \n Katz\n B,\n \n \n Zhao\n S,\n \n \n McAllister\n T,\n \n \n McCrea\n M;\n \n CARE Consortium Investigators\n . Acute sport concussion assessment optimization: a prospective assessment from the CARE Consortium. Sports Med. 2019;49(12):1977\u20131987. doi:10.1007\/s40279-019-01155-0"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b58","series-title":"Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"1077","article-title":"The utility of post-concussion neuropsychological data in identifying cognitive change following sports-related MTBI in the absence of baseline data","volume":"26","author":"Echemendia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Echemendia\n RJ,\n \n \n Bruce\n JM,\n \n \n Bailey\n CM,\n \n \n Sanders\n JF,\n \n \n Arnett\n P,\n \n \n Vargas\n G.\n \n \n The utility of post-concussion neuropsychological data in identifying cognitive change following sports-related MTBI in the absence of baseline data. Clin Neuropsychol. 2012;26(7):1077\u20131091. doi:10.1080\/13854046.2012.72100"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b59","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Utility of VOMS, SCAT3, and ImPACT baseline evaluations for acute concussion identification in collegiate athletes: findings from the NCAA-DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium","volume":"50","author":"Ferris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferris\n LM,\n \n \n Kontos\n AP,\n \n \n Eagle\n SR,\n \n et al.\n \n Utility of VOMS, SCAT3, and ImPACT baseline evaluations for acute concussion identification in collegiate athletes: findings from the NCAA-DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. Am J Sports Med. 2022;50(4):1106\u20131119. doi:10.1177\/03635465211072261"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b60","series-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)","first-page":"260","article-title":"Vision diagnoses are common after concussion in adolescents","volume":"55","author":"Master","year":"2016","unstructured":"Master\n CL,\n \n \n Scheiman\n M,\n \n \n Gallaway\n M,\n \n et al.\n \n Vision diagnoses are common after concussion in adolescents. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016;55(3):260\u2013267. doi:10.1177\/0009922815594367"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b61","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2479","article-title":"A brief Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) assessment to evaluate concussions: preliminary findings","volume":"42","author":"Mucha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mucha\n A,\n \n \n Collins\n MW,\n \n \n Elbin\n RJ,\n \n et al.\n \n A brief Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) assessment to evaluate concussions: preliminary findings. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(10):2479\u20132486. doi:10.1177\/0363546514543775"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b62","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"351","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of computer-based neurocognitive tests in sport-related concussion: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium","volume":"51","author":"Czerniak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Czerniak\n LL,\n \n \n Liebel\n SW,\n \n \n Garcia\n GP,\n \n et al.; CARE Consortium Investigators. Sensitivity and specificity of computer-based neurocognitive tests in sport-related concussion: findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium. Sports Med. 2021;51(2):351\u2013365. doi:10.1007\/s40279-020-01393-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b63","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"7","article-title":"Derivation of a focused, brief concussion physical examination for adolescents with sport-related concussion","volume":"31","author":"Leddy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leddy\n J,\n \n \n Lesh\n K,\n \n \n Haider\n MN,\n \n et al.\n \n Derivation of a focused, brief concussion physical examination for adolescents with sport-related concussion. Clin J Sport Med. 2021;31(1):7\u201314. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000686"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b64","series-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract","first-page":"91","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment of the cervical spine in patients with persistent post-concussion symptoms: a retrospective analysis","volume":"29","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kennedy\n E,\n \n \n Quinn\n D,\n \n \n Tumilty\n S,\n \n \n Chapple\n CM.\n \n \n Clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment of the cervical spine in patients with persistent post-concussion symptoms: a retrospective analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017;29:91\u201398. doi:10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.03.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b65","series-title":"Phys Sportsmed","first-page":"274","article-title":"The role of the cervical spine in post-concussion syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Marshall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marshall\n CM,\n \n \n Vernon\n H,\n \n \n Leddy\n JJ,\n \n \n Baldwin\n BA.\n \n \n The role of the cervical spine in post-concussion syndrome. Phys Sportsmed. 2015;43(3):274\u2013284. doi:10.1080\/00913847.2015.1064301"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b66","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"974","article-title":"Changes in measures of cervical spine function, vestibulo-ocular reflex, dynamic balance, and divided attention following sport-related concussion in elite youth ice hockey players","volume":"48","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schneider\n KJ,\n \n \n Meeuwisse\n WH,\n \n \n Palacios-Derflingher\n L,\n \n \n Emery\n CA.\n \n \n Changes in measures of cervical spine function, vestibulo-ocular reflex, dynamic balance, and divided attention following sport-related concussion in elite youth ice hockey players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018;48(12):974\u2013981. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2018.8258"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b67","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"202","article-title":"The potential role of the cervical spine in sports-related concussion: clinical perspectives and considerations for risk reduction","volume":"49","author":"Streifer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Streifer\n M,\n \n \n Brown\n AM,\n \n \n Porfido\n T,\n \n \n Anderson\n EZ,\n \n \n Buckman\n JF,\n \n \n Esopenko\n C.\n \n \n The potential role of the cervical spine in sports-related concussion: clinical perspectives and considerations for risk reduction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019;49(3):202\u2013208. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2019.8582"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b68","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"282","article-title":"Characterization of cervical spine impairments in children and adolescents post-concussion","volume":"14","author":"Tiwari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tiwari\n D,\n \n \n Goldberg\n A,\n \n \n Yorke\n A,\n \n \n Marchetti\n GF,\n \n \n Alsalaheen\n B.\n \n \n Characterization of cervical spine impairments in children and adolescents post-concussion. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019;14(2):282\u2013295."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b69","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Cervical injury assessments for concussion evaluation: a review","volume":"51","author":"Cheever","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheever\n K,\n \n \n Kawata\n K,\n \n \n Tierney\n R,\n \n \n Galgon\n A.\n \n \n Cervical injury assessments for concussion evaluation: a review. J Athl Train. 2016;51(12):1037\u20131044. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-51.12.15"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b70","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"870","article-title":"The Concussion Recognition Tool 5th Edition (CRT5): background and rationale","volume":"51","author":"Echemendia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Echemendia\n RJ,\n \n \n Meeuwisse\n W,\n \n \n McCrory\n P,\n \n et al.\n \n The Concussion Recognition Tool 5th Edition (CRT5): background and rationale. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(11):870\u2013871. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097508"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b71","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"176","article-title":"Standardized mental status assessment of sports concussion","volume":"11","author":"McCrea","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCrea\n M.\n \n \n Standardized mental status assessment of sports concussion. Clin J Sport Med. 2001;11(3):176\u2013181. doi:10.1097\/00042752-200107000-00008"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b72","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"586","article-title":"Standardized assessment of concussion in football players","volume":"48","author":"McCrea","year":"1997","unstructured":"McCrea\n M,\n \n \n Kelly\n JP,\n \n \n Kluge\n J,\n \n \n Ackley\n B,\n \n \n Randolph\n C.\n \n \n Standardized assessment of concussion in football players. Neurology. 1997;48(3):586\u2013588. doi:10.1212\/wnl.48.3.586"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b73","series-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil","first-page":"27","article-title":"Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC): on-site mental status evaluation of the athlete","volume":"13","author":"McCrea","year":"1998","unstructured":"McCrea\n M,\n \n \n Kelly\n JP,\n \n \n Randolph\n C,\n \n et al.\n \n Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC): on-site mental status evaluation of the athlete. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1998;13(2):27\u201335. doi:10.1097\/00001199-199804000-00005"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b74","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"941","article-title":"Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Iverson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iverson\n GL,\n \n \n Gardner\n AJ,\n \n \n Terry\n DP,\n \n et al.\n \n Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(12):941\u2013948. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097729"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b75","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"969","article-title":"A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion","volume":"51","author":"Manley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Manley\n G,\n \n \n Gardner\n AJ,\n \n \n Schneider\n KJ,\n \n et al.\n \n A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(12):969\u2013977. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097791"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b76","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"e476","article-title":"Using a likelihood heuristic to summarize conflicting literature on predictors of clinical outcome following sport-related concussion","volume":"31","author":"Buttner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buttner\n F,\n \n \n Terry\n DP,\n \n \n Iverson\n GL.\n \n \n Using a likelihood heuristic to summarize conflicting literature on predictors of clinical outcome following sport-related concussion. Clin J Sport Med. 2021;31(6):e476\u2013e483. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000825"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b77","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"912","article-title":"Statements of agreement from the Targeted Evaluation and Active Management (TEAM) Approaches to Treating Concussion meeting held in Pittsburgh, October 15\u201316, 2015","volume":"79","author":"Collins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collins\n MW,\n \n \n Kontos\n AP,\n \n \n Okonkwo\n DO,\n \n et al.\n \n Statements of agreement from the Targeted Evaluation and Active Management (TEAM) Approaches to Treating Concussion meeting held in Pittsburgh, October 15\u201316, 2015. Neurosurgery. 2016;79(6):912\u2013929. doi:10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001447"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b78","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"348","article-title":"Concussion Clinical Profiles Screening (CP Screen) tool: preliminary evidence to inform a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"87","author":"Kontos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kontos\n AP,\n \n \n Elbin\n RJ,\n \n \n Trbovich\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Concussion Clinical Profiles Screening (CP Screen) tool: preliminary evidence to inform a multidisciplinary approach. Neurosurgery. 2020;87(2):348\u2013356. doi:10.1093\/neuros\/nyz545"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b79","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Clinical risk score for persistent postconcussion symptoms among children with acute concussion in the ED","volume":"315","author":"Zemek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zemek\n R,\n \n \n Barrowman\n N,\n \n \n Freedman\n SB,\n \n et al.; Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) Concussion Team. Clinical risk score for persistent postconcussion symptoms among children with acute concussion in the ED. JAMA. 2016;315(10):1014\u20131025. doi:10.1001\/jama.2016.1203"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b80","series-title":"JAMA Pediatr","first-page":"259","article-title":"Prognosticators of persistent symptoms following pediatric concussion: a systematic review","volume":"167","author":"Zemek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zemek\n RL,\n \n \n Farion\n KJ,\n \n \n Sampson\n M,\n \n \n McGahern\n C.\n \n \n Prognosticators of persistent symptoms following pediatric concussion: a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(3):259\u2013265. doi:10.1001\/2013.jamapediatrics.216"},{"issue":"24","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b81","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"2204","article-title":"Early symptom burden predicts recovery after sport-related concussion","volume":"83","author":"Meehan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meehan\n WP\n III,\n \n \n Mannix\n R,\n \n \n Monuteaux\n MC,\n \n \n Stein\n CJ,\n \n \n Bachur\n RG.\n \n \n Early symptom burden predicts recovery after sport-related concussion. Neurology. 2014;83(24):2204\u20132210. doi:10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001073"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b82","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"722","article-title":"Initial symptom burden predicts duration of symptoms after concussion","volume":"19","author":"Meehan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meehan\n WP\n III,\n \n \n O\u2019Brien\n MJ,\n \n \n Geminiani\n E,\n \n \n Mannix\n R.\n \n \n Initial symptom burden predicts duration of symptoms after concussion. J Sci Med Sport. 2016;19(9):722\u2013725. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.12.002"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b83","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"658","article-title":"Concussion-recovery trajectories among tactical athletes: results from the CARE Consortium","volume":"55","author":"Van Pelt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Pelt\n KL,\n \n \n Allred\n CD,\n \n \n Brodeur\n R,\n \n et al.\n \n Concussion-recovery trajectories among tactical athletes: results from the CARE Consortium. J Athl Train. 2020;55(7):658\u2013665. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-10-19"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b84","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","first-page":"435","article-title":"Association of time since injury to the first clinic visit with recovery following concussion","volume":"77","author":"Kontos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kontos\n AP,\n \n \n Jorgensen-Wagers\n K,\n \n \n Trbovich\n AM,\n \n et al.\n \n Association of time since injury to the first clinic visit with recovery following concussion. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(4):435\u2013440. doi:10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.4552"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b85","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1491","article-title":"The influence of timing of reporting and clinic presentation on concussion recovery outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Barnhart","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barnhart\n M,\n \n \n Bay\n RC,\n \n \n Valovich McLeod\n TC.\n \n \n The influence of timing of reporting and clinic presentation on concussion recovery outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2021;51(7):1491\u20131508. doi:10.1007\/s40279-021-01444-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b86","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"329","article-title":"\u201cPlaying through it\u201d: delayed reporting and removal from athletic activity after concussion predicts prolonged recovery","volume":"51","author":"Asken","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asken\n BM,\n \n \n McCrea\n MA,\n \n \n Clugston\n JR,\n \n \n Snyder\n AR,\n \n \n Houck\n ZM,\n \n \n Bauer\n RM.\n \n \n \u201cPlaying through it\u201d: delayed reporting and removal from athletic activity after concussion predicts prolonged recovery. J Athl Train. 2016;51(4):329\u2013335. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-51.5.02"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b87","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1465","article-title":"Immediate removal from activity after sport-related concussion is associated with shorter clinical recovery and less severe symptoms in collegiate student-athletes","volume":"46","author":"Asken","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asken\n BM,\n \n \n Bauer\n RM,\n \n \n Guskiewicz\n KM,\n \n et al.; CARE Consortium Investigators. Immediate removal from activity after sport-related concussion is associated with shorter clinical recovery and less severe symptoms in collegiate student-athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(6):1465\u20131474. doi:10.1177\/0363546518757984"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b88","series-title":"Front Pediatr","first-page":"606879","article-title":"Adolescents with ADHD do not take longer to recover from concussion","volume":"8","author":"Cook","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cook\n NE,\n \n \n Iverson\n GL,\n \n \n Maxwell\n B,\n \n \n Zafonte\n R,\n \n \n Berkner\n PD.\n \n \n Adolescents with ADHD do not take longer to recover from concussion. Front Pediatr. 2021;8:606879. doi:10.3389\/fped.2020.606879"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b89","series-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr","first-page":"571","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and outcome after concussion: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Cook","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cook\n NE,\n \n \n Iaccarino\n MA,\n \n \n Karr\n JE,\n \n \n Iverson\n GL.\n \n \n Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and outcome after concussion: a systematic review. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2020;41(7):571\u2013582. doi:10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000808"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b90","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"577","article-title":"Addressing social determinants to improve patient care and promote health equity: an American College of Physicians position paper","volume":"168","author":"Daniel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daniel\n H,\n \n \n Bornstein\n SS,\n \n \n Kane\n GC,\n \n et al.\n \n Addressing social determinants to improve patient care and promote health equity: an American College of Physicians position paper. Ann Intern Med. 2018;168(8):577\u2013578. doi:10.7326\/M17-2441"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b91","series-title":"Endocrine","first-page":"29","article-title":"Impact of social determinants of health on outcomes for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Walker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walker\n RJ,\n \n \n Smalls\n BL,\n \n \n Campbell\n JA,\n \n \n Strom Williams\n JL,\n \n \n Egede\n LE.\n \n \n Impact of social determinants of health on outcomes for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Endocrine. 2014;47(1):29\u201348. doi:10.1007\/s12020-014-0195-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b92","series-title":"Athl Train Sports Health Care","first-page":"271","article-title":"Mental health outcomes following sport-related concussion","volume":"9","author":"Valovich McLeod","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valovich McLeod\n TC,\n \n \n Fraser\n MA,\n \n \n Johnson\n RJ.\n \n \n Mental health outcomes following sport-related concussion. Athl Train Sports Health Care. 2017;9(6):271\u2013282. doi:10.3928\/19425864-20171010-03"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b93","series-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"297","article-title":"Psychosocial outcomes of sport concussions in youth hockey players","volume":"31","author":"Mrazik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mrazik\n M,\n \n \n Brooks\n BL,\n \n \n Jubinville\n A,\n \n \n Meeuwisse\n WH,\n \n \n Emery\n CA.\n \n \n Psychosocial outcomes of sport concussions in youth hockey players. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2016;31(4):297\u2013304. doi:10.1093\/arclin\/acw013"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b94","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"86","article-title":"Impact of prior concussions on health-related quality of life in collegiate athletes","volume":"20","author":"Kuehl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kuehl\n MD,\n \n \n Snyder\n AR,\n \n \n Erickson\n SE,\n \n \n McLeod\n TC.\n \n \n Impact of prior concussions on health-related quality of life in collegiate athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2010;20(2):86\u201391. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181cf4534"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b95","series-title":"Athl Train Sports Health Care","first-page":"219","article-title":"Self-reported history of concussion affects health-related quality of life in adolescent athletes","volume":"2","author":"Valovich McLeod","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valovich McLeod\n TC,\n \n \n Bay\n RC,\n \n \n Snyder\n AR.\n \n \n Self-reported history of concussion affects health-related quality of life in adolescent athletes. Athl Train Sports Health Care. 2010;2(5):219\u2013226. doi:10.3928\/19425864-20100630-02"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b96","series-title":"J Adolesc Health","first-page":"582","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed depression in adolescents with history of concussion","volume":"54","author":"Chrisman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chrisman\n SP,\n \n \n Richardson\n LP.\n \n \n Prevalence of diagnosed depression in adolescents with history of concussion. J Adolesc Health. 2014;54(5):582\u2013586."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b97","series-title":"Orthop J Sports Med","first-page":"2325967120950682","article-title":"Systematic review of preinjury mental health problems as a vulnerability factor for worse outcome after sport-related concussion","volume":"8","author":"Iverson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iverson\n GL,\n \n \n Williams\n MW,\n \n \n Gardner\n AJ,\n \n \n Terry\n DP.\n \n \n Systematic review of preinjury mental health problems as a vulnerability factor for worse outcome after sport-related concussion. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(10):2325967120950682. doi:10.1177\/2325967120950682"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b98","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"46","article-title":"Clinical outcomes assessment for the management of sport-related concussion","volume":"20","author":"Valovich McLeod","year":"2011","unstructured":"Valovich McLeod\n TC,\n \n \n Register-Mihalik\n JK.\n \n \n Clinical outcomes assessment for the management of sport-related concussion. J Sport Rehabil. 2011;20(1):46\u201360. doi:10.1123\/jsr.20.1.46"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b99","series-title":"Rehabil Psychol","first-page":"300","article-title":"A review of the literature on pediatric concussions and return-to-learn (RTL): implications for RTL policy, research, and practice","volume":"62","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2017","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill\n JA,\n \n \n Cox\n MK,\n \n \n Clay\n OJ,\n \n et al.\n \n A review of the literature on pediatric concussions and return-to-learn (RTL): implications for RTL policy, research, and practice. Rehabil Psychol. 2017;62(3):300\u2013323. doi:10.1037\/rep0000155"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b100","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"937","article-title":"Athletic trainers\u2019 roles and responsibilities regarding academic adjustments as part of the concussion-management process in the secondary school setting","volume":"52","author":"Bacon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bacon\n CEW,\n \n \n Kay\n MC,\n \n \n McLeod\n TCV.\n \n \n Athletic trainers\u2019 roles and responsibilities regarding academic adjustments as part of the concussion-management process in the secondary school setting. J Athl Train. 2017;52(10):937\u2013945. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-52.7.02"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b101","article-title":"National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports Science Institute","author":"Mental health best practices","unstructured":"Mental health best practices\n . National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports Science Institute. Accessed December 5, 2023. https:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/sports\/2016\/5\/2\/mental-health-best-practices.aspx"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b102","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"91","article-title":"American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: detection, management, effect on performance, and prevention-executive summary","volume":"30","author":"Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang\n CJ,\n \n \n Putukian\n M,\n \n \n Aerni\n G,\n \n et al.\n \n American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: detection, management, effect on performance, and prevention-executive summary. Clin J Sport Med. 2020;30(2):91\u201395. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000799"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b103","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"145","article-title":"The psychological response to injury in student athletes: a narrative review with a focus on mental health","volume":"50","author":"Putukian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Putukian\n M.\n \n \n The psychological response to injury in student athletes: a narrative review with a focus on mental health. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(3):145\u2013148. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095586"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b104","series-title":"PPE: Preparticipation Physical Evaluation","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bernhardt\n DT,\n \n \n Roberts\n WO\n \n , eds. PPE: Preparticipation Physical Evaluation. 5th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2019."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b105","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"390","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures in sports medicine: a concise resource for clinicians and researchers","volume":"55","author":"Lam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lam\n KC,\n \n \n Marshall\n AN,\n \n \n Snyder Valier\n AR.\n \n \n Patient-reported outcome measures in sports medicine: a concise resource for clinicians and researchers. J Athl Train. 2020;55(4):390\u2013408. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-171-19106."},{"issue":"24","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b106","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"2632","article-title":"Influence of anxiety on baseline cognitive testing and symptom reporting in adolescent student athletes","volume":"37","author":"Champigny","year":"2020","unstructured":"Champigny\n CM,\n \n \n Rawana\n J,\n \n \n Iverson\n GL,\n \n \n Maxwell\n B,\n \n \n Berkner\n PD,\n \n \n Wojtowicz\n M.\n \n \n Influence of anxiety on baseline cognitive testing and symptom reporting in adolescent student athletes. J Neurotrauma. 2020;37(24):2632\u20132638. doi:10.1089\/neu.2020.7079"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b107","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1742","article-title":"Influences of mental illness, current psychological state, and concussion history on baseline concussion assessment performance","volume":"46","author":"Weber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weber\n ML,\n \n \n Dean\n JL,\n \n \n Hoffman\n NL,\n \n et al.\n \n Influences of mental illness, current psychological state, and concussion history on baseline concussion assessment performance. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(7):1742\u20131751. doi:10.1177\/0363546518765145"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b108","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"117110","article-title":"Premorbid anxiety and depression and baseline neurocognitive, ocular-motor and vestibular performance: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"418","author":"Wallace","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallace\n J,\n \n \n Learman\n K,\n \n \n Moran\n R,\n \n et al.\n \n Premorbid anxiety and depression and baseline neurocognitive, ocular-motor and vestibular performance: a retrospective cohort study. J Neurol Sci. 2020;418:117110. doi:10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117110"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b109","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"98","article-title":"Sex and age differences in depression and baseline sport-related concussion neurocognitive performance and symptoms","volume":"22","author":"Covassin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Covassin\n T,\n \n \n Elbin\n RJ\n III,\n \n \n Larson\n E,\n \n \n Kontos\n AP.\n \n \n Sex and age differences in depression and baseline sport-related concussion neurocognitive performance and symptoms. Clin J Sport Med. 2012;22(2):98\u2013104. doi:10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.10.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b110","series-title":"J Sch Nurs","first-page":"203","article-title":"Sports- or physical activity-related concussions and feelings of sadness or hopelessness among U.S. high school students: results from the 2017 Youth Behavior Risk Survey","volume":"38","author":"Sarmiento","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarmiento\n K,\n \n \n Miller\n GF,\n \n \n Jones\n SE.\n \n \n Sports- or physical activity-related concussions and feelings of sadness or hopelessness among U.S. high school students: results from the 2017 Youth Behavior Risk Survey. J Sch Nurs. 2022;38(2):203\u2013209. doi:10.1177\/1059840520945389"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b111","series-title":"Sport Exerc Perform Psychol","first-page":"304","article-title":"Anxiety and mood clinical profile following sport-related concussion: from risk factors to treatment","volume":"6","author":"Sandel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sandel\n N,\n \n \n Reynolds\n E,\n \n \n Cohen\n PE,\n \n \n Gillie\n BL,\n \n \n Kontos\n AP.\n \n \n Anxiety and mood clinical profile following sport-related concussion: from risk factors to treatment. Sport Exerc Perform Psychol. 2017;6(3):304\u2013323. doi:10.1037\/spy0000098"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b112","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"13","article-title":"Differential emotional responses of varsity athletes to concussion and musculoskeletal injuries","volume":"19","author":"Hutchison","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hutchison\n M,\n \n \n Mainwaring\n LM,\n \n \n Comper\n P,\n \n \n Richards\n DW,\n \n \n Bisschop\n SM.\n \n \n Differential emotional responses of varsity athletes to concussion and musculoskeletal injuries. Clin J Sport Med. 2009;19(1):13\u201319. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318190ba06"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b113","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"589","article-title":"Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury","volume":"24","author":"Mainwaring","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mainwaring\n LM,\n \n \n Hutchison\n M,\n \n \n Bisschop\n SM,\n \n \n Comper\n P,\n \n \n Richards\n DW.\n \n \n Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury. Brain Inj. 2010;24(4):589\u2013597. doi:10.3109\/02699051003610508"},{"issue":"14","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b114","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"3514","article-title":"The effect of sport-related concussion injuries on concussion symptoms and health-related quality of life in male and female adolescent athletes: a prospective study","volume":"47","author":"McGuine","year":"2019","unstructured":"McGuine\n TA,\n \n \n Pfaller\n A,\n \n \n Kliethermes\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n The effect of sport-related concussion injuries on concussion symptoms and health-related quality of life in male and female adolescent athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(14):3514\u20133520. doi:10.1177\/0363546519880175"},{"issue":"23","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b115","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"2776","article-title":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Department of Defense Sport-Related Concussion Common Data Elements Version 1.0 recommendations","volume":"35","author":"Broglio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broglio\n SP,\n \n \n Kontos\n AP,\n \n \n Levin\n H,\n \n et al.\n \n National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Department of Defense Sport-Related Concussion Common Data Elements Version 1.0 recommendations. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35(23):2776\u20132783. doi:10.1089\/neu.2018.5643"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b116","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"447","article-title":"Sport-related concussion and mental health outcomes in elite athletes: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Rice","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rice\n SM,\n \n \n Parker\n AG,\n \n \n Rosenbaum\n S,\n \n \n Bailey\n A,\n \n \n Mawren\n D,\n \n \n Purcell\n R.\n \n \n Sport-related concussion and mental health outcomes in elite athletes: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2018;48(2):447\u2013465. doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0810-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b117","series-title":"Neuropsychol Rev","first-page":"340","article-title":"Factors influencing clinical correlates of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE): a review","volume":"26","author":"Asken","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asken\n BM,\n \n \n Sullan\n MJ,\n \n \n Snyder\n AR,\n \n et al.\n \n Factors influencing clinical correlates of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE): a review. Neuropsychol Rev. 2016;26(4):340\u2013363. doi:10.1007\/s11065-016-9327-z"},{"issue":"pt A","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b118","series-title":"Int J Psychophysiol","first-page":"55","article-title":"Systematic review of mental health measures associated with concussive and subconcussive head trauma in former athletes","volume":"132","author":"Hutchison","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hutchison\n MG,\n \n \n Di Battista\n AP,\n \n \n McCoskey\n J,\n \n \n Watling\n SE.\n \n \n Systematic review of mental health measures associated with concussive and subconcussive head trauma in former athletes. Int J Psychophysiol. 2018;132(pt A):55\u201361. doi:10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2017.11.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b119","series-title":"NeuroRehabilitation","first-page":"325","article-title":"Return to learn: transitioning to school and through ascending levels of academic support for students following a concussion","volume":"42","author":"McAvoy","year":"2018","unstructured":"McAvoy\n K,\n \n \n Eagan-Johnson\n B,\n \n \n Halstead\n M.\n \n \n Return to learn: transitioning to school and through ascending levels of academic support for students following a concussion. NeuroRehabilitation. 2018;42(3):325\u2013330. doi:10.3233\/NRE-172381"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b120","series-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil","first-page":"397","article-title":"Building statewide infrastructure for the academic support of students with mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Gioia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gioia\n GA,\n \n \n Glang\n AE,\n \n \n Hooper\n SR,\n \n \n Brown\n BE.\n \n \n Building statewide infrastructure for the academic support of students with mild traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2016;31(6):397\u2013406. doi:10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000205"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b121","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"798","article-title":"Clinical recovery from concussion-return to school and sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Putukian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Putukian\n M,\n \n \n Purcell\n L,\n \n \n Schneider\n KJ,\n \n et al.\n \n Clinical recovery from concussion-return to school and sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(12):798\u2013809. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106682"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b122","series-title":"J Child Neurol","first-page":"93","article-title":"Medical-school partnership in guiding return to school following mild traumatic brain injury in youth","volume":"31","author":"Gioia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gioia\n GA.\n \n \n Medical-school partnership in guiding return to school following mild traumatic brain injury in youth. J Child Neurol. 2016;31(1):93\u2013108. doi:10.1177\/0883073814555604"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b123","series-title":"J Clin Nurs","first-page":"793","article-title":"Return to learn: an ethnographic study of adolescent young adults returning to school post-concussion","volume":"30","author":"Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan\n AN,\n \n \n Nasr\n AS.\n \n \n Return to learn: an ethnographic study of adolescent young adults returning to school post-concussion. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(5\u20136):793\u2013802. doi:10.1111\/jocn.15617"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b124","series-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)","first-page":"783","article-title":"A balanced protocol for return to school for children and youth following concussive injury","volume":"54","author":"DeMatteo","year":"2015","unstructured":"DeMatteo\n C,\n \n \n Stazyk\n K,\n \n \n Giglia\n L,\n \n et al.\n \n A balanced protocol for return to school for children and youth following concussive injury. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2015;54(8):783\u2013792. doi:10.1177\/0009922814567305"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b125","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Academic effects of concussion in children and adolescents","volume":"135","author":"Ransom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ransom\n DM,\n \n \n Vaughan\n CG,\n \n \n Pratson\n L,\n \n \n Sady\n MD,\n \n \n McGill\n CA,\n \n \n Gioia\n GA.\n \n \n Academic effects of concussion in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2015;135(6):1043\u20131050. doi:10.1542\/peds.2014-3434"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b126","series-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am","first-page":"429","article-title":"Returning to school following sport-related concussion","volume":"27","author":"Iverson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iverson\n GL,\n \n \n Gioia\n GA.\n \n \n Returning to school following sport-related concussion. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2016;27(2):429\u2013436. doi:10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.12.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b127","series-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med","first-page":"e000667","article-title":"Effectiveness of return to activity and return to school protocols for children postconcussion: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"DeMatteo","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeMatteo\n C,\n \n \n Bednar\n ED,\n \n \n Randall\n S,\n \n \n Falla\n K.\n \n \n Effectiveness of return to activity and return to school protocols for children postconcussion: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2020;6(1):e000667. doi:10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000667"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b128","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"262","article-title":"Rest and return to activity: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"52","author":"McLeod","year":"2017","unstructured":"McLeod\n TC,\n \n \n Lewis\n JH,\n \n \n Whelihan\n K,\n \n \n Bacon\n CE.\n \n \n Rest and return to activity: a systematic review of the literature. J Athl Train. 2017;52(3):262\u2013287. doi:10.4085\/1052-6050-51.6.06"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b129","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"262","article-title":"Athletic trainers\u2019 familiarity with and perceptions of academic accommodations in secondary school athletes after sport-related concussion","volume":"50","author":"Williams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams\n RM,\n \n \n Welch\n CE,\n \n \n Parsons\n JT,\n \n \n McLeod\n TC.\n \n \n Athletic trainers\u2019 familiarity with and perceptions of academic accommodations in secondary school athletes after sport-related concussion. J Athl Train. 2015;50(3):262\u2013269. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.81"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b130","series-title":"J Sch Nurs","first-page":"146","article-title":"School nurses\u2019 familiarity and perceptions of academic accommodations for student-athletes following sport-related concussion","volume":"31","author":"Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber\n ML,\n \n \n Welch\n CE,\n \n \n Parsons\n JT,\n \n \n Valovich McLeod\n TC.\n \n \n School nurses\u2019 familiarity and perceptions of academic accommodations for student-athletes following sport-related concussion. J Sch Nurs. 2015;31(2):146\u2013154. doi:10.1177\/1059840514540939"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b131","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"365","article-title":"Understanding the athletic trainer's role in the return-to-learn process at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III institutions","volume":"55","author":"Runyon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Runyon\n LM,\n \n \n Welch Bacon\n CE,\n \n \n Neil\n ER,\n \n \n Eberman\n LE.\n \n \n Understanding the athletic trainer's role in the return-to-learn process at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III institutions. J Athl Train. 2020;55(4):365\u2013375. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-116-19"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b132","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"153","article-title":"Examining academic support after concussion for the adolescent student-athlete: perspectives of the athletic trainer","volume":"51","author":"Kasamatsu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kasamatsu\n T,\n \n \n Cleary\n M,\n \n \n Bennett\n J,\n \n \n Howard\n K,\n \n \n McLeod\n TV.\n \n \n Examining academic support after concussion for the adolescent student-athlete: perspectives of the athletic trainer. J Athl Train. 2016;51(2):153\u2013161. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-51.4.02"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b133","series-title":"J Sch Nurs","first-page":"378","article-title":"School nurses\u2019 management and collaborative practices for student-athletes following sport-related concussion","volume":"35","author":"Weber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weber\n ML,\n \n \n Welch Bacon\n CE,\n \n \n McLeod\n TV.\n \n \n School nurses\u2019 management and collaborative practices for student-athletes following sport-related concussion. J Sch Nurs. 2019;35(5):378\u2013387. doi:10.1177\/1059840518774391"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b134","series-title":"Athl Train Sports Health Care","first-page":"198","article-title":"Athletic trainers\u2019 perceptions of academic adjustment procedures for student-athletes with concussion","volume":"10","author":"Kay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kay\n MC,\n \n \n Valovich McLeod\n TC,\n \n \n Erickson\n CD,\n \n \n Wagner\n AJ,\n \n \n Welch Bacon\n CE.\n \n \n Athletic trainers\u2019 perceptions of academic adjustment procedures for student-athletes with concussion. Athl Train Sports Health Care. 2018;10(5):198\u2013206. doi:10.3928\/19425864-20180306-02"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b135","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"353","article-title":"A preliminary study of the effect of early aerobic exercise treatment for sport-related concussion in males","volume":"29","author":"Leddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leddy\n JJ,\n \n \n Haider\n MN,\n \n \n Hinds\n AL,\n \n \n Darling\n S,\n \n \n Willer\n BS.\n \n \n A preliminary study of the effect of early aerobic exercise treatment for sport-related concussion in males. Clin J Sport Med. 2019;29(5):353\u2013360. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000663"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b136","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1912","article-title":"Influence of aerobic exercise volume on postconcussion symptoms","volume":"49","author":"Howell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Howell\n DR,\n \n \n Hunt\n DL,\n \n \n Aaron\n SE,\n \n \n Meehan\n WP\n III,\n \n \n Tan\n CO.\n \n \n Influence of aerobic exercise volume on postconcussion symptoms. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(7):1912\u20131920. doi:10.1177\/03635465211005761"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b137","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"762","article-title":"Rest and exercise early after sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Leddy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leddy\n JJ,\n \n \n Burma\n JS,\n \n \n Toomey\n CM,\n \n et al.\n \n Rest and exercise early after sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(12):762\u2013770. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106676"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b138","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"930","article-title":"Rest and treatment\/rehabilitation following sport-related concussion: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Schneider","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schneider\n KJ,\n \n \n Leddy\n JJ,\n \n \n Guskiewicz\n KM,\n \n et al.\n \n Rest and treatment\/rehabilitation following sport-related concussion: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(12):930\u2013934. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097475"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b139","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"771","article-title":"Targeted interventions and their effect on recovery in children, adolescents and adults who have sustained a sport-related concussion: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Schneider","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schneider\n KJ,\n \n \n Critchley\n ML,\n \n \n Anderson\n V,\n \n et al.\n \n Targeted interventions and their effect on recovery in children, adolescents and adults who have sustained a sport-related concussion: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(12):771\u2013779. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106685"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b140","series-title":"Am J Public Health","first-page":"93","article-title":"Risk of concussion during sports versus physical education among New Mexico middle and high school students","volume":"108","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campbell\n RA,\n \n \n Gorman\n SA,\n \n \n Thoma\n RJ,\n \n et al.\n \n Risk of concussion during sports versus physical education among New Mexico middle and high school students. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(1):93\u201395. doi:10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304107"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b141","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"13","article-title":"Safety and prognostic utility of provocative exercise testing in acutely concussed adolescents: a randomized trial","volume":"28","author":"Leddy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leddy\n JJ,\n \n \n Hinds\n AL,\n \n \n Miecznikowski\n J,\n \n et al.\n \n Safety and prognostic utility of provocative exercise testing in acutely concussed adolescents: a randomized trial. Clin J Sport Med. 2018;28(1):13\u201320. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000431"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b142","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"265","article-title":"Concussion in sports: postconcussive activity levels, symptoms, and neurocognitive performance","volume":"43","author":"Majerske","year":"2008","unstructured":"Majerske\n CW,\n \n \n Mihalik\n JP,\n \n \n Ren\n D,\n \n et al.\n \n Concussion in sports: postconcussive activity levels, symptoms, and neurocognitive performance. J Athl Train. 2008;43(3):265\u2013274. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-43.3.265"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b143","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","first-page":"jrm00181","article-title":"Effect of vestibular rehabilitation on change in health-related quality of life in patients with dizziness and balance problems after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Soberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soberg\n HL,\n \n \n Andelic\n N,\n \n \n Langhammer\n B,\n \n \n Tamber\n AL,\n \n \n Bruusgaard\n KA,\n \n \n Kleffelgaard\n I.\n \n \n Effect of vestibular rehabilitation on change in health-related quality of life in patients with dizziness and balance problems after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med. 2021;53(4):jrm00181. doi:10.2340\/16501977-2823"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b144","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"573","article-title":"A pilot study evaluating the timing of vestibular therapy after sport-related concussion: is earlier better","volume":"13","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahluwalia\n R,\n \n \n Miller\n S,\n \n \n Dawoud\n FM,\n \n et al.\n \n A pilot study evaluating the timing of vestibular therapy after sport-related concussion: is earlier better? Sports Health. 2021;13(6):573\u2013579. doi:10.1177\/1941738121998687"},{"issue":"17","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b145","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Cervicovestibular rehabilitation in sport-related concussion: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schneider\n KJ,\n \n \n Meeuwisse\n WH,\n \n \n Nettel-Aguirre\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Cervicovestibular rehabilitation in sport-related concussion: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(17):1294\u20131298. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093267"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b146","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"100","article-title":"Cervicovestibular rehabilitation following sport-related concussion","volume":"52","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schneider\n KJ,\n \n \n Meeuwisse\n WH,\n \n \n Barlow\n KM,\n \n \n Emery\n CA.\n \n \n Cervicovestibular rehabilitation following sport-related concussion. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(2):100\u2013101. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098667"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-225-b147","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"193","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of precision vestibular rehabilitation in adolescents following concussion: preliminary findings","volume":"239","author":"Kontos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kontos\n AP,\n \n \n Eagle\n SR,\n \n \n Mucha\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n A randomized controlled trial of precision vestibular rehabilitation in adolescents following concussion: preliminary findings. 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