{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:01:42Z","timestamp":1756339302199,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The importance of analyzing head-impact exposure among football players is well established, but few authors have explored the differences across position groups in high school athletes. Better understanding of these differences may provide optimized intervention strategies for coaches and health care providers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To compare differences in head-impact characteristics (eg, frequency, severity, and location) among position groups and differences in teams, session types, and seasons across 2 high school varsity football seasons in Hawaii.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>High school athletic fields during fall sports seasons.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Patients and Participants<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 200 football players from 3 high school varsity teams, including 69 offensive and defensive linemen; 51 linebackers, running backs, and tight ends; and 80 cornerbacks, safeties, and wide receivers (age = 16.1 \u00b1 0.9 years, height = 177.9 \u00b1 7.8 cm, mass = 86.4 \u00b1 22.7 kg), categorized as linemen, backers, and skill players, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Head impacts per exposure (Imp\/E) across positions, teams, session type, and seasons; accumulated total impact burden; and cumulative head-impact burden per location (front, top, right, left, and back) across position groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Differences in Imp\/E were found among position groups, with backers (mean = 3.77; 95% CI = 3.146, 4.395) having greater total Imp\/E compared with linemen (mean = 1.47; 95% CI = 0.983, 1.96; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) and skill players (mean = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.11, 2.01; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). We observed a difference in total accumulated head-impact burden (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2,194<\/jats:sub> = 4.938, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .008), with backers (mean = 4622.85<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; 95% CI = 3077.43<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>, 6168.27<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>) having a greater total accumulated burden than linemen (mean = 2657.70<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; 95% CI = 2045.61<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>, 3269.19<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .01) and skill players (mean = 2875.7<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; 95% CI = 2216.38<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>, 3535.01<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02). Accumulated front impact burden was different among position groups (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2,194<\/jats:sub> = 7.784, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), with backers (mean = 1606.24<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; 95% CI = 977.89<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>, 2234.58<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>) having greater accumulated burden than linemen (768.24<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; 95% CI = 433.84<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>, 1102.64<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .008) and skill players (567.75<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; 95% CI = 360.71<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>, 774.78<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Linebackers, running backs, and tight ends experienced more Imp\/E and greater cumulative burden than other positions, which highlights the potential influence of specific positional requirements during football participation. Coaches and health care providers should be aware that players\u2019 positions and roles during play may directly relate to changes in head-impact risk.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0068.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:12:51Z","timestamp":1733184771000},"page":"551-559","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hawaiian High School Football Player Positional Differences in Head-Impact Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Kiera D.","family":"Glodowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Hawai\u2018i at Manoa, Honolulu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bret","family":"Freemyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Hawai\u2018i at Manoa, Honolulu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay L.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JongSoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Lowell"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Broglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Troy","family":"Furutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Hawai\u2018i at Manoa, Honolulu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Hawai\u2018i at Manoa, Honolulu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cris","family":"Stickley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Hawai\u2018i at Manoa, Honolulu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik E.","family":"Swartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth S. 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