{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T20:27:39Z","timestamp":1776803259773,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Certified athletic therapists in Ireland and Canada serve essential concussion assessment and management roles, but their health care practices and concussion knowledge have not been established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine Irish and Canadian athletic therapist cohorts' (1) concussion knowledge, (2) current concussion assessment and management techniques across all job settings, and (3) the association of concussion assessment and management practices with years of clinical experience and highest degree attained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Online survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Licensed Irish (49.7%, n = 91\/183) and Canadian (10.1%, n = 211\/2090) athletic therapists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Athletic therapists completed an online survey assessing their demographics, concussion knowledge (symptom recognition, patient\u2013clinician scenarios), frequency of concussions assessed annually, and assessment and return-to-play (RTP) measures using a modified, previously validated survey. Symptom recognition consisted of 20 (8 true, 12 false) items on recognition of signs and symptoms that were scored as total correct. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios were used to examine survey responses where appropriate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Irish (86.8%, n = 46\/53) and Canadian (93.4%, n = 155\/166) athletic therapists indicated RTP guidelines were the most common method for determining RTP. Symptom recognition scores were 72.8% \u00b1 17.0% among Irish and 76.6% \u00b1 17.0% among Canadian athletic therapists. Irish (91.2%, n = 52\/57) and Canadian (90.4%, n = 161\/178) athletic therapists reported standardized sideline assessments as the most used concussion assessment method. Irish and Canadian athletic therapists' use of 2-domain (Irish: 38.6% [n = 22\/57]; Canadian: 73.6% [n = 131\/178]) and 3-domain (Irish: 3.5% [n = 2\/57]; Canadian: 19.7% [n = 35\/178]) minimum assessments (ie, symptoms, balance, or neurocognitive) was not associated with education or clinical experience (P \u2265 .07), except for Canadian athletic therapists with master's degrees having greater odds of completing 2-domain assessments at initial evaluation than those with bachelor's degrees (odds ratio = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.41, 1.95).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Irish and Canadian athletic therapists demonstrated similar concussion knowledge; however, most did not fully adhere to international consensus guidelines for concussion assessment as evidenced by low 2- and 3-domain assessment use. Athletic therapists should aim to implement multidimensional concussion assessments to ensure optimal health care practices and patient safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0097.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T20:06:05Z","timestamp":1655755565000},"page":"293-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Concussion Assessment and Management Practices Among Irish and Canadian Athletic Therapists: An International Perspective"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Landon B.","family":"Lempke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens"},{"name":"\u2020School of Kinesiology, Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021Department of Kinesiology and Applied Health, The University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siobh\u00e1n","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a7Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Lynall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob E.","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"||Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00b6Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(11)","key":"2023070717061948900_i1062-6050-58-4-293-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport\u2014the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"2023070717061948900_i1062-6050-58-4-293-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.5.02","article-title":"\u201cPlaying through it\u201d: delayed reporting and removal from athletic activity after concussion predicts prolonged recovery","volume":"51","author":"Asken","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"2023070717061948900_i1062-6050-58-4-293-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20160910","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0910","article-title":"Removal from play after concussion and recovery time","volume":"138","author":"Elbin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023070717061948900_i1062-6050-58-4-293-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000012","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000012","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of clinical measures of sport concussion: three tests are better than one","volume":"2","author":"Resch","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"2023070717061948900_i1062-6050-58-4-293-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255479.90999.C0","article-title":"Sensitivity of the concussion assessment battery","volume":"60","author":"Broglio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"2023070717061948900_i1062-6050-58-4-293-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0880-x","article-title":"CARE Consortium Investigators. 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