{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:50:33Z","timestamp":1778262633087,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:title>\n Collegiate baseball players with professional aspirations often participate in summer leagues; foremost among them is the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL). Injuries acquired during the collegiate baseball season can be carried into the CCBL season and vice versa.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To assess the history of throwing arm injury and current functionality in midseason CCBL players.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Online questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n A total of 123 CCBL players participated. Qualifying athletes were \u226518 years old and were rostered CCBL players with remaining collegiate eligibility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n After collecting background information, we used the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow questionnaire to assess the history of throwing arm injury and current functionality. The maximum KJOC score is 100.0; higher scores correspond with greater functionality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The mean KJOC score was 86.6 \u00b1 14.5 (n = 92); 24.5% (23\/94) of players reported a prior diagnosis of throwing arm injury other than a strain or sprain. A total of 49 (49\/96, 51.0%) players had undergone rehabilitation for a throwing arm injury, and 7 (7\/96, 7.3%) had experienced a medical procedure. Players with no previous treatment (n = 41, mean KJOC score = 88.9 \u00b1 19.0) more frequently demonstrated KJOC scores of \u226590 than players with such treatment (n = 55, 80.9 \u00b1 17.1; P<\/jats:italic> < .001). The 18 players with time-loss arm injury in the last year had lower mean KJOC scores (71.3 \u00b1 20.0) than players with no injury or time loss (90.3 \u00b1 9.8; P<\/jats:italic> < .001). Similarly, players who reported current arm trouble (n = 15) had lower KJOC scores (71.6 \u00b1 17.5) than players with healthy arms (89.5 \u00b1 11.9; P<\/jats:italic> < .001).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The average KJOC score of the CCBL players was <90, with particularly low scores in athletes with prior arm injury and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0123.23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T12:01:23Z","timestamp":1694174483000},"page":"255-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Arm Health in Elite Collegiate Summer League Baseball Players Assessed by the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Score"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"David F.","family":"Painter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Dove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Testa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Snow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rory A.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele Marie","family":"Pavlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cape Cod Baseball League, Orleans, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cape Cod Baseball League, Orleans, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett D.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b01","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"742","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association men\u2019s baseball: 2014\u20132015 through 2018\u20132019","volume":"56","author":"Boltz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boltz\n AJ,\n \n \n Powell\n JR,\n \n \n Robison\n HJ,\n \n \n Morris\n SN,\n \n \n Collins\n CL,\n \n \n Chandran\n A.\n \n \n Epidemiology of injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association men\u2019s baseball: 2014\u20132015 through 2018\u20132019. J Athl Train. 2021;56(7):742\u2013749. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-432-20"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b02","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"198","article-title":"The first decade of web-based sports injury surveillance: descriptive epidemiology of injuries in US high school boys\u2019 baseball (2005\u20132006 through 2013\u20132014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association men\u2019s baseball (2004\u20132005 through 2013\u20132014)","volume":"54","author":"Wasserman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wasserman\n EB,\n \n \n Sauers\n EL,\n \n \n Register-Mihalik\n JK,\n \n et al.\n \n The first decade of web-based sports injury surveillance: descriptive epidemiology of injuries in US high school boys\u2019 baseball (2005\u20132006 through 2013\u20132014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association men\u2019s baseball (2004\u20132005 through 2013\u20132014). 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Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;7(8):2325967119866199. doi:10.1177\/2325967119866199"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b05","series-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil","first-page":"e705","article-title":"Trends of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in the United States from 2003 to 2014: analysis of 3,133 patients","volume":"2","author":"Idowu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Idowu\n OA,\n \n \n Boyajian\n HH,\n \n \n Lindsay-Rivera\n K,\n \n et al.\n \n Trends of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in the United States from 2003 to 2014: analysis of 3,133 patients. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2020;2(6):e705\u2013e710. doi:10.1016\/j.asmr.2020.05.005"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b06","article-title":"UCL surgeries on adolescent baseball pitchers","unstructured":"UCL surgeries on adolescent baseball pitchers. American Sports Medicine Institute.Accessed March 8, 2023. https:\/\/asmi.org\/ucl-surgeries-on-adolescent-baseball-pitchers\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b07","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"230","article-title":"Early sport specialization linked to throwing arm function and upper extremity injury history in college baseball players","volume":"13","author":"Croci","year":"2021","unstructured":"Croci\n J,\n \n \n Nicknair\n J,\n \n \n Goetschius\n J.\n \n \n Early sport specialization linked to throwing arm function and upper extremity injury history in college baseball players. Sports Health. 2021;13(3):230\u2013236. doi:10.1177\/1941738120986555"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b08","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Sport specialization and increased injury frequency in youth baseball players: a prospective study","volume":"54","author":"Arnold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnold\n AJ,\n \n \n Thigpen\n CA,\n \n \n Beattie\n PF,\n \n \n Kissenberth\n MJ,\n \n \n Tokish\n JM,\n \n \n Shanley\n E.\n \n \n Sport specialization and increased injury frequency in youth baseball players: a prospective study. J Athl Train. 2019;54(10):1115\u20131122. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-349-18"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b09","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"982","article-title":"Risk factors for elbow and shoulder injuries in adolescent baseball players: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Norton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Norton\n R,\n \n \n Honstad\n C,\n \n \n Joshi\n R,\n \n \n Silvis\n M,\n \n \n Chinchilli\n V,\n \n \n Dhawan\n A.\n \n \n Risk factors for elbow and shoulder injuries in adolescent baseball players: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(4):982\u2013990. doi:10.1177\/0363546518760573"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b10","series-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg","first-page":"1673","article-title":"Risk factors associated with throwing injuries in young baseball players","volume":"32","author":"Nagasawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nagasawa\n M,\n \n \n Tajima\n T,\n \n \n Kawagoe\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n Risk factors associated with throwing injuries in young baseball players. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023;32(8):1673\u20131680. doi:10.1016\/j.jse.2023.01.034"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b11","series-title":"Arthroscopy","first-page":"1938","article-title":"A number of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors increase the risk for elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament injury in baseball players: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Labott","year":"2023","unstructured":"Labott\n JR,\n \n \n Leland\n DP,\n \n \n Till\n SE,\n \n et al.\n \n A number of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors increase the risk for elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament injury in baseball players: a systematic review. Arthroscopy. 2023;39(8):1938\u20131949. doi:10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.12.036"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b12","article-title":"Cape League history","unstructured":"Cape League history. Cape Cod Baseball. Accessed February 22, 2023. https:\/\/www.capecodbaseball.org\/about-ccbl\/welcome-page\/"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b13","series-title":"Cape Cod Baseball","article-title":"All time Major League Baseball players from the Cape Cod Baseball League","author":"Horton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horton\n S.\n \n \n All time Major League Baseball players from the Cape Cod Baseball League. Cape Cod Baseball. Published May 11, 2020. Accessed February 22, 2023. https:\/\/capecodbaseball.org.ismmedia.com\/ISM3\/std-content\/repos\/Top\/2012website\/archives\/Current%20Year\/All_Time_MLB_CCBL_Alumni.pdf"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b14","article-title":"Why is the Cape Cod League so special? Major League Baseball","author":"Clair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clair\n M.\n \n \n Why is the Cape Cod League so special? Major League Baseball. Published July 20, 2021. Accessed February 22, 2023. https:\/\/www.mlb.com\/news\/cape-cod-league-history-and-importance"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b15","article-title":"Cape Cod Baseball League 2023 schedule","unstructured":"Cape Cod Baseball League 2023 schedule. Cape Cod Baseball. Accessed March 8, 2023. https:\/\/www.capecodbaseball.org\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b16","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"903","article-title":"The development and validation of a functional assessment tool for the upper extremity in the overhead athlete","volume":"38","author":"Alberta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alberta\n FG,\n \n \n ElAttrache\n NS,\n \n \n Bissell\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n The development and validation of a functional assessment tool for the upper extremity in the overhead athlete. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(5):903\u2013911. doi:10.1177\/0363546509355642"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b17","series-title":"Exploratory Data Analysis","author":"Tukey","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tukey\n JW.\n \n \n \n Exploratory Data Analysis\n . Addison-Wesley; 1977."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b18","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"885","article-title":"Prevalence of hamstring injuries in summer league baseball players","volume":"14","author":"Zachazewski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zachazewski\n J,\n \n \n Silvers\n H,\n \n \n Li\n B,\n \n \n Pohlig\n R,\n \n \n Ahmad\n C,\n \n \n Mandelbaum\n B.\n \n \n Prevalence of hamstring injuries in summer league baseball players. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019;14(6):885\u2013897."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b19","series-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg","first-page":"17","article-title":"Shoulder functional performance status of Minor League professional baseball pitchers","volume":"24","author":"Fronek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fronek\n J,\n \n \n Yang\n JG,\n \n \n Osbahr\n DC,\n \n et al.\n \n Shoulder functional performance status of Minor League professional baseball pitchers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(1):17\u201323. doi:10.1016\/j.jse.2014.04.019"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b20","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"945","article-title":"Upper extremity musculoskeletal characteristics and the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic questionnaire score in collegiate baseball athletes","volume":"54","author":"Faherty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Faherty\n MS,\n \n \n Plata\n A,\n \n \n Chasse\n P,\n \n \n Zarzour\n R,\n \n \n Sell\n TC.\n \n \n Upper extremity musculoskeletal characteristics and the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic questionnaire score in collegiate baseball athletes. J Athl Train. 2019;54(9):945\u2013952. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-81-18"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b21","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2167","article-title":"The utility of the KJOC score in professional baseball in the United States","volume":"41","author":"Franz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Franz\n JO,\n \n \n McCulloch\n PC,\n \n \n Kneip\n CJ,\n \n \n Noble\n PC,\n \n \n Lintner\n DM.\n \n \n The utility of the KJOC score in professional baseball in the United States. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(9):2167\u20132173. doi:10.1177\/0363546513495177"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b22","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"937","article-title":"Preseason perceived physical capability and previous injury","volume":"50","author":"Sciascia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sciascia\n A,\n \n \n Haegele\n LE,\n \n \n Lucas\n J,\n \n \n Uhl\n TL.\n \n \n Preseason perceived physical capability and previous injury. J Athl Train. 2015;50(9):937\u2013943. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-50.7.05"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b23","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1513","article-title":"Shoulder functional performance status of National Collegiate Athletic Association swimmers: baseline Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic scores","volume":"43","author":"Wymore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wymore\n L,\n \n \n Fronek\n J.\n \n \n Shoulder functional performance status of National Collegiate Athletic Association swimmers: baseline Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic scores. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(6):1513\u20131517. doi:10.1177\/0363546515574058"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b24","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"879","article-title":"The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder & Elbow Score used as a patient-reported outcome measure for the youth and high school aged baseball athlete","volume":"17","author":"Monti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Monti\n R,\n \n \n Fernandez-Fernandez\n A.\n \n \n The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder & Elbow Score used as a patient-reported outcome measure for the youth and high school aged baseball athlete. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022;17(5):879\u2013886. doi:10.26603\/001c.36634"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b25","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"746","article-title":"Early sport specialization and long-term throwing arm health in college baseball players","volume":"15","author":"Wilkins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wilkins\n SJ,\n \n \n Bell\n DR,\n \n \n Kahanov\n L,\n \n \n Martin\n M,\n \n \n Post\n EG.\n \n \n Early sport specialization and long-term throwing arm health in college baseball players. Sports Health. 2023;15(5):746\u2013752. doi:10.1177\/19417381221125719"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b26","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"819","article-title":"The relationship between trunk rotation, upper quarter dynamic stability, and the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Overhead Athlete Shoulder and Elbow Score in Division I collegiate pitchers","volume":"13","author":"Chasse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chasse\n P,\n \n \n Bullock\n GS,\n \n \n Schmitt\n AC,\n \n \n Little\n BA,\n \n \n Diehl\n LH,\n \n \n Butler\n RJ.\n \n \n The relationship between trunk rotation, upper quarter dynamic stability, and the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Overhead Athlete Shoulder and Elbow Score in Division I collegiate pitchers. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2018;13(5):819\u2013827."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b27","series-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg","first-page":"329","article-title":"Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic overhead athlete scores in asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers","volume":"22","author":"Kraeutler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kraeutler\n MJ,\n \n \n Ciccotti\n MG,\n \n \n Dodson\n CC,\n \n \n Frederick\n RW,\n \n \n Cammarota\n B,\n \n \n Cohen\n SB.\n \n \n Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic overhead athlete scores in asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22(3):329\u2013332. doi:10.1016\/j.jse.2012.02.010"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b28","article-title":"Minors have gotten younger and older after re-organization","author":"Cooper","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cooper\n JJ.\n \n \n Minors have gotten younger and older after re-organization. Baseball America. Published August 4, 2022. Accessed March 8, 2023. https:\/\/www.baseballamerica.com\/stories\/minors-have-gotten-younger-and-older-after-re-organization\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b29","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"510","article-title":"Rate of upper extremity injury in high school baseball pitchers who played catcher as a secondary position","volume":"53","author":"Hibberd","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hibberd\n EE,\n \n \n Oyama\n S,\n \n \n Myers\n JB.\n \n \n Rate of upper extremity injury in high school baseball pitchers who played catcher as a secondary position. J Athl Train. 2018;53(5):510\u2013513. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-322-16"},{"key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b30","series-title":"Phys Ther Sport","first-page":"49","article-title":"Upper limb injuries in Major League Baseball","volume":"41","author":"Fares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fares\n MY,\n \n \n Salhab\n HA,\n \n \n Khachfe\n HH,\n \n et al.\n \n Upper limb injuries in Major League Baseball. Phys Ther Sport. 2020;41:49\u201354. doi:10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.11.002"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b31","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"905","article-title":"Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers","volume":"34","author":"Olsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Olsen\n SJ\n II,\n \n \n Fleisig\n GS,\n \n \n Dun\n S,\n \n \n Loftice\n J,\n \n \n Andrews\n JR.\n \n \n Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(6):905\u2013912. doi:10.1177\/0363546505284188"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-59-3-255-b32","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"327","article-title":"Effect of a 6-week weighted baseball throwing program on pitch velocity, pitching arm biomechanics, passive range of motion, and injury rates","volume":"10","author":"Reinold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reinold\n MM,\n \n \n Macrina\n LC,\n \n \n Fleisig\n GS,\n \n \n Aune\n K,\n \n \n Andrews\n JR.\n \n \n Effect of a 6-week weighted baseball throwing program on pitch velocity, pitching arm biomechanics, passive range of motion, and injury rates. Sports Health. 2018;10(4):327\u2013333. doi:10.1177\/1941738118779909"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/59\/3\/article-p255.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/59\/3\/255\/3347068\/i1062-6050-59-3-255.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/59\/3\/article-p255.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/59\/3\/article-p255.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:42:16Z","timestamp":1749688936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/59\/3\/article-p255.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0123.23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-162X","1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-162X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}