{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:06:53Z","timestamp":1788246413096,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:title>\n Patellofemoral pain (PFP) has poor long-term recovery outcomes. Central sensitization describes central nervous system changes altering pain modulation, which can complicate recovery (poorer prognosis and worse function). Signs of central sensitization include amplified pain facilitation, pain hypersensitivity, and impaired pain inhibition, which can be measured with temporal summation of pain (TSP), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), respectively. Sex differences exist for these test responses, but female-only PFP investigations of sensitization are uncommon. Understanding pain modulation in females with PFP could improve treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine whether females with PFP exhibit signs of central sensitization (greater TSP, lower PPTs, and reduced CPM) compared with pain-free females.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n Thirty-three females ([20 PFP, 13 pain free]; age: PFP 29.2 \u00b1 7 years, pain free 28 \u00b1 7 years; height: PFP 166.7 \u00b1 5.9 cm, pain free 166 \u00b1 9.5 cm; mass: PFP 66.7 \u00b1 9.6 kg, pain free 69.3 \u00b1 7.5 kg).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n Temporal summation of pain was assessed with 10 punctate stimuli applied to the knee and calculated by the difference in pain intensity between beginning and end responses. Pressure pain thresholds were tested at 4 sites (3 for local hypersensitivity [knee] and 1 for widespread hypersensitivity [hand]). Conditioned pain modulation was conducted by comparing PPTs during 2 conditions (baseline and ice immersion). Conditioned pain modulation response was defined as the percent difference between conditions. Between-groups differences in TSP response were analyzed with a Welch test. Separate Welch tests analyzed group comparisons of PPTs and CPM responses at 4 sites.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Females with PFP exhibited greater TSP response (P<\/jats:italic> = .019) and lower CPM response at patella center (P<\/jats:italic> = .010) and hand sites (P<\/jats:italic> = .007) than pain-free females. Pressure pain thresholds group differences were not observed at any site (P<\/jats:italic> > .0125).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Females with PFP modulate pain differently than pain-free females. Clinicians should recognize signs of central sensitization and their potential effect on treatment options.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0124.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T17:25:22Z","timestamp":1726593922000},"page":"125-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pain is Modulated Differently Between Females With and Without Patellofemoral Pain: Factors Related to Sensitization"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Kemery J.","family":"Sigmund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Technology, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"},{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance, Exercise Physiology Program, Concordia University Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie K. Hoeger","family":"Bement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy E.","family":"Huddleston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Technology, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle T.","family":"Ebersole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Technology, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Earl-Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Technology, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b01","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"CPG1","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain","volume":"49","author":"Willy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Willy\n RW,\n \n \n Hoglund\n LT,\n \n \n Barton\n CJ,\n \n et al.\n \n Patellofemoral pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019;49(9):CPG1\u2013CPG95. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2019.0302"},{"issue":"14","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b02","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"881","article-title":"Factors that predict a poor outcome 5\u20138 years after the diagnosis of patellofemoral pain: a multicentre observational analysis","volume":"50","author":"Lankhorst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lankhorst\n NE,\n \n \n van Middelkoop\n M,\n \n \n Crossley\n KM,\n \n et al.\n \n Factors that predict a poor outcome 5\u20138 years after the diagnosis of patellofemoral pain: a multicentre observational analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(14):881\u2013886. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094664"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b03","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"725","article-title":"Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome: epidemiology of patellofemoral pain","volume":"20","author":"Boling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boling\n M,\n \n \n Padua\n D,\n \n \n Marshall\n S,\n \n \n Guskiewicz\n K,\n \n \n Pyne\n S,\n \n \n Beutler\n A.\n \n \n Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome: epidemiology of patellofemoral pain. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(5):725\u2013730. doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00996.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b04","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1629","article-title":"Activity modification and load management of adolescents with patellofemoral pain: a prospective intervention study including 151 adolescents","volume":"47","author":"Rathleff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rathleff\n MS,\n \n \n Graven-Nielsen\n T,\n \n \n H\u00f6lmich\n P,\n \n et al.\n \n Activity modification and load management of adolescents with patellofemoral pain: a prospective intervention study including 151 adolescents. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(7):1629\u20131637. doi:10.1177\/0363546519843915"},{"issue":"3 suppl","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b05","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain","volume":"152","author":"Woolf","year":"2011","unstructured":"Woolf\n CJ.\n \n \n Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain. 2011;152(3 suppl):S2\u2013S15. doi:10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b06","series-title":"J Orthop Res","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Does central nervous system dysfunction underlie patellofemoral pain in young females? Examining brain functional connectivity in association with patient\u2010reported outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Diekfuss","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diekfuss\n JA,\n \n \n Grooms\n DR,\n \n \n Nissen\n KS,\n \n et al.\n \n Does central nervous system dysfunction underlie patellofemoral pain in young females? Examining brain functional connectivity in association with patient\u2010reported outcomes. J Orthop Res. 2022;40(5):1083\u20131096. doi:10.1002\/jor.25152"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b07","series-title":"Pain Med","first-page":"2224","article-title":"Primary motor cortex organization is altered in persistent patellofemoral pain","volume":"18","author":"Te","year":"2017","unstructured":"Te\n M,\n \n \n Baptista\n AF,\n \n \n Chipchase\n LS,\n \n \n Schabrun\n SM.\n \n \n Primary motor cortex organization is altered in persistent patellofemoral pain. Pain Med. 2017;18(11):2224\u20132234. doi:10.1093\/pm\/pnx036"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b08","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"1024","article-title":"Recognition and treatment of central sensitization in chronic pain patients: not limited to specialized care","volume":"46","author":"Nijs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nijs\n J,\n \n \n Goubert\n D,\n \n \n Ickmans\n K.\n \n \n Recognition and treatment of central sensitization in chronic pain patients: not limited to specialized care. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2016;46(12):1024\u20131028. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2016.0612"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b09","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"302","article-title":"A mechanism-based approach to physical therapist management of pain","volume":"98","author":"Chimenti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chimenti\n RL,\n \n \n Frey-Law\n LA,\n \n \n Sluka\n KA.\n \n \n A mechanism-based approach to physical therapist management of pain. Phys Ther. 2018;98(5):302\u2013314. doi:10.1093\/ptj\/pzy030"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b10","series-title":"Eur J Pain","first-page":"216","article-title":"Assessment and manifestation of central sensitisation across different chronic pain conditions","volume":"22","author":"Arendt\u2010Nielsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arendt\u2010Nielsen\n L,\n \n \n Morlion\n B,\n \n \n Perrot\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n Assessment and manifestation of central sensitisation across different chronic pain conditions. Eur J Pain. 2018;22(2):216\u2013241. doi:10.1002\/ejp.1140"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b11","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"S66","article-title":"The role of quantitative sensory testing in the prediction of chronic pain","volume":"160","author":"Treede","year":"2019","unstructured":"Treede\n RD.\n \n \n The role of quantitative sensory testing in the prediction of chronic pain. Pain. 2019;160(suppl 1):S66\u2013S69. doi:10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001544"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b12","series-title":"Eur J Pain","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Pain and sensitization after total knee replacement or nonsurgical treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis: identifying potential predictors of outcome at 12 months","volume":"22","author":"Arendt\u2010Nielsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arendt\u2010Nielsen\n L,\n \n \n Simonsen\n O,\n \n \n Laursen\n MB,\n \n et al.\n \n Pain and sensitization after total knee replacement or nonsurgical treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis: identifying potential predictors of outcome at 12 months. Eur J Pain. 2018;22(6):1088\u20131102. doi:10.1002\/ejp.1193"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b13","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"414","article-title":"Lower mechanical pressure pain thresholds in female adolescents with patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Rathleff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rathleff\n MS,\n \n \n Roos\n EM,\n \n \n Olesen\n JL,\n \n \n Rasmussen\n S,\n \n \n Arendt-Nielsen\n L.\n \n \n Lower mechanical pressure pain thresholds in female adolescents with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43(6):414\u2013421. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2013.4383"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b14","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"2410","article-title":"Reliability of conditioned pain modulation: a systematic review","volume":"157","author":"Kennedy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kennedy\n DL,\n \n \n Kemp\n HI,\n \n \n Ridout\n D,\n \n \n Yarnitsky\n D,\n \n \n Rice\n ASC.\n \n \n Reliability of conditioned pain modulation: a systematic review. Pain. 2016;157(11):2410\u20132419. doi:10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000689"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b15","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"887","article-title":"Exploring the pain in patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis examining signs of central sensitization","volume":"56","author":"Sigmund","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sigmund\n KJ,\n \n \n Bement\n MKH,\n \n \n Earl-Boehm\n JE.\n \n \n Exploring the pain in patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis examining signs of central sensitization. J Athl Train. 2021;56(8):887\u2013901. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0190.20"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b16","series-title":"Scand J Pain","first-page":"11","article-title":"Altered pain processing and sensitisation is evident in adults with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review including meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"20","author":"Bartholomew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bartholomew\n C,\n \n \n Lack\n S,\n \n \n Neal\n B.\n \n \n Altered pain processing and sensitisation is evident in adults with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review including meta-analysis and meta-regression. Scand J Pain. 2019;20(1):11\u201327. doi:10.1515\/sjpain-2019-0079"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b17","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"S26","article-title":"Consensus Working Group of the Sex, Gender, and Pain SIG of the IAS. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report","volume":"132","author":"Greenspan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Greenspan\n JD,\n \n \n Craft\n RM,\n \n \n LeResche\n L,\n \n et al.\n \n Consensus Working Group of the Sex, Gender, and Pain SIG of the IAS. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain. 2007;132(suppl 1):S26\u2013S45. doi:10.1016\/j.pain.2007.10.014"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b18","series-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)","first-page":"1252","article-title":"Is patellofemoral osteoarthritis common in middle\u2010aged people with chronic patellofemoral pain","volume":"66","author":"Hinman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hinman\n RS,\n \n \n Lentzos\n J,\n \n \n Vicenzino\n B,\n \n \n Crossley\n KM.\n \n \n Is patellofemoral osteoarthritis common in middle\u2010aged people with chronic patellofemoral pain? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(8):1252\u20131257. doi:10.1002\/acr.22274"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b19","series-title":"Physiotherapy","first-page":"93","article-title":"Best tests\/clinical findings for screening and diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Cook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cook\n C,\n \n \n Mabry\n L,\n \n \n Reiman\n MP,\n \n \n Hegedus\n EJ.\n \n \n Best tests\/clinical findings for screening and diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2012;98(2):93\u2013100. doi:10.1016\/j.physio.2011.09.001"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b20","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"815","article-title":"Analysis of outcome measures for persons with patellofemoral pain: which are reliable and valid","volume":"85","author":"Crossley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crossley\n KM,\n \n \n Bennell\n KL,\n \n \n Cowan\n SM,\n \n \n Green\n S.\n \n \n Analysis of outcome measures for persons with patellofemoral pain: which are reliable and valid? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(5):815\u2013822. doi:10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00613-0"},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b21","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"S91","article-title":"Reproducibility of blood pressure response to the cold pressor test: the GenSalt Study","volume":"176","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao\n Q,\n \n \n Bazzano\n LA,\n \n \n Cao\n J,\n \n et al.\n \n Reproducibility of blood pressure response to the cold pressor test: the GenSalt Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176(suppl 7):S91\u2013S98. doi:10.1093\/aje\/kws294"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b22","series-title":"Rheumatol Int","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Development of a bedside pain assessment kit for the classification of patients with osteoarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Osgood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Osgood\n E,\n \n \n Trudeau\n JJ,\n \n \n Eaton\n TA,\n \n et al.\n \n Development of a bedside pain assessment kit for the classification of patients with osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2015;35(6):1005\u20131013. doi:10.1007\/s00296-014-3191-z"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b23","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"2530","article-title":"Young females with long-standing patellofemoral pain display impaired conditioned pain modulation, increased temporal summation of pain, and widespread hyperalgesia","volume":"159","author":"Holden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holden\n S,\n \n \n Straszek\n CL,\n \n \n Rathleff\n MS,\n \n \n Petersen\n KK,\n \n \n Roos\n EM,\n \n \n Graven-Nielsen\n T.\n \n \n Young females with long-standing patellofemoral pain display impaired conditioned pain modulation, increased temporal summation of pain, and widespread hyperalgesia. Pain. 2018;159(12):2530\u20132537. doi:10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001356"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b24","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"573","article-title":"Sensitization in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis","volume":"149","author":"Arendt-Nielsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arendt-Nielsen\n L,\n \n \n Nie\n H,\n \n \n Laursen\n MB,\n \n et al.\n \n Sensitization in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis. Pain. 2010;149(3):573\u2013581. doi:10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.003"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b25","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0188930","article-title":"Adults with patellofemoral pain do not exhibit manifestations of peripheral and central sensitization when compared to healthy pain-free age and sex matched controls\u2014an assessor blinded cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Rathleff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rathleff\n MS,\n \n \n Rathleff\n CR,\n \n \n Stephenson\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Adults with patellofemoral pain do not exhibit manifestations of peripheral and central sensitization when compared to healthy pain-free age and sex matched controls\u2014an assessor blinded cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0188930. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0188930"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b26","series-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes","first-page":"64","article-title":"The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): from joint injury to osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"Roos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roos\n EM,\n \n \n Lohmander\n LS.\n \n \n The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): from joint injury to osteoarthritis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:64. doi:10.1186\/1477-7525-1-64"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b27","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1381","article-title":"International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig\n CL,\n \n \n Marshall\n AL,\n \n \n Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m\n M,\n \n et al.\n \n International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381\u20131395. doi:10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b28","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"199","article-title":"The McGill Pain Questionnaire: from description to measurement","volume":"103","author":"Melzack","year":"2005","unstructured":"Melzack\n R.\n \n \n The McGill Pain Questionnaire: from description to measurement. Anesthesiology. 2005;103(1):199\u2013202. doi:10.1097\/00000542-200507000-00028"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b29","series-title":"Psychol Assess","first-page":"524","article-title":"The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: development and validation","volume":"7","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sullivan\n MJL,\n \n \n Bishop\n SR,\n \n \n Pivik\n J.\n \n \n The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(4):524\u2013532. doi:10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b30","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"285","article-title":"Associates of physical function and pain in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Piva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Piva\n SR,\n \n \n Fitzgerald\n GK,\n \n \n Irrgang\n JJ,\n \n et al.\n \n Associates of physical function and pain in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(2):285\u2013295. doi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.08.214"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b31","series-title":"Eur J Pain","first-page":"153","article-title":"The Pain Self\u2010Efficacy Questionnaire: taking pain into account","volume":"11","author":"Nicholas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nicholas\n MK.\n \n \n The Pain Self\u2010Efficacy Questionnaire: taking pain into account. Eur J Pain. 2007;11(2):153\u2013163. doi:10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.12.008"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b32","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1563","article-title":"Error rates, decisive outcomes and publication bias with several inferential methods","volume":"46","author":"Hopkins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hopkins\n WG,\n \n \n Batterham\n AM.\n \n \n Error rates, decisive outcomes and publication bias with several inferential methods. Sports Med. 2016;46(10):1563\u20131573. doi:10.1007\/s40279-016-0517-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b33","series-title":"Pain Med","first-page":"980","article-title":"Impaired conditioned pain modulation in young female adults with long-standing patellofemoral pain: a single blinded cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Rathleff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rathleff\n MS,\n \n \n Petersen\n KK,\n \n \n Arendt-Nielsen\n L,\n \n \n Thorborg\n K,\n \n \n Graven-Nielsen\n T.\n \n \n Impaired conditioned pain modulation in young female adults with long-standing patellofemoral pain: a single blinded cross-sectional study. Pain Med. 2016;17(5):980\u2013988. doi:10.1093\/pm\/pnv017"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b34","series-title":"Eur J Pain","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Psychological and pain profiles in persons with patellofemoral pain as the primary symptom","volume":"24","author":"Maclachlan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maclachlan\n LR,\n \n \n Collins\n NJ,\n \n \n Hodges\n PW,\n \n \n Vicenzino\n B.\n \n \n Psychological and pain profiles in persons with patellofemoral pain as the primary symptom. Eur J Pain. 2020;24(6):1182\u20131196. doi:10.1002\/ejp.1563"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b35","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"132","article-title":"Signs of nervous system sensitization in female runners with chronic patellofemoral pain","volume":"18","author":"Eckenrode","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eckenrode\n BJ,\n \n \n Kietrys\n DM,\n \n \n Brown\n A,\n \n \n Parrott\n JS,\n \n \n Noehren\n B.\n \n \n Signs of nervous system sensitization in female runners with chronic patellofemoral pain. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2023;18(1):132\u2013144. doi:10.26603\/001c.57603"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b36","series-title":"Pain Med","first-page":"1953","article-title":"Female adults with patellofemoral pain are characterized by widespread hyperalgesia, which is not affected immediately by patellofemoral joint loading","volume":"17","author":"Pazzinatto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pazzinatto\n MF,\n \n \n de Oliveira Silva\n D,\n \n \n Barton\n C,\n \n \n Rathleff\n MS,\n \n \n Briani\n RV,\n \n \n de Azevedo\n FM.\n \n \n Female adults with patellofemoral pain are characterized by widespread hyperalgesia, which is not affected immediately by patellofemoral joint loading. Pain Med. 2016;17(10):1953\u20131961. doi:10.1093\/pm\/pnw068"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-60-2-125-b37","series-title":"Clin J Pain","first-page":"782","article-title":"The influence of physical activity on pain thresholds in patients with depression and multiple somatoform symptoms","volume":"28","author":"Hennings","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hennings\n A,\n \n \n Schwarz\n MJ,\n \n \n Riemer\n S,\n \n \n Stapf\n TM,\n \n \n Selberdinger\n VB,\n \n \n Rief\n W.\n \n \n The influence of physical activity on pain thresholds in patients with depression and multiple somatoform symptoms. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(9):782\u2013789. doi:10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318243e2d1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/60\/2\/article-p125.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/60\/2\/125\/3488792\/i1938-162x-60-2-125.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/60\/2\/article-p125.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/60\/2\/article-p125.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:39:51Z","timestamp":1749688791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/60\/2\/article-p125.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0124.24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-162X","1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-162X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}}}