{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T04:52:13Z","timestamp":1787460733587,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The pitching cycle is a highly dynamic task, and the trunk and abdominal obliques are key contributors in efficient kinetic transfer.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the relationship between abdominal oblique strength and pitching biomechanics in adolescent baseball pitchers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Biomechanics laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nineteen healthy right-handed high school male baseball pitchers (age = 17.1 \u00b1 1.1 years, height = 183.7 \u00b1 6.5 cm, mass = 83.1 \u00b1 10.1 kg).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The main outcome was full body biomechanics captured at key points during the pitching cycle. The main variable of interest was abdominal oblique strength (glove arm and throwing arm). Kinematics and kinetics were calculated using Visual3D motion capture software. Descriptive statistics, including means and SDs, were calculated. A Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed that the data were normally distributed. Scatter plots determined linear associations, so a 2-tailed Pearson correlation with Fisher option was used to examine associations between oblique strength measurements and biomechanical metrics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three kinematic measures were identified, with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05 and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.5 demonstrating strong correlations with abdominal oblique strength. Maximum pelvis rotation velocity was positively correlated with throwing arm oblique strength (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.52, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02). Glove arm oblique strength was positively correlated with both maximum pelvis rotation velocity and maximum torso rotation velocity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.69 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .001 and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.52 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These data highlight the moderate to strong positive relationship that abdominal oblique strength has on both maximal pelvic and torso rotational velocity. Training to improve the strength of the abdominal obliques may increase both maximal pelvic and trunk rotational velocity while avoiding a significant increase in upper extremity joint loading, which is important in optimizing performance and injury prevention.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0195.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T17:31:13Z","timestamp":1730395873000},"page":"445-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationship of Abdominal Oblique Strength on Biomechanics in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Henry T.","family":"Eilen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Kokott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freedom Physical Therapy, Mukwonago, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"Dziuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janelle A.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-60-6-445-b01","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"135","article-title":"The kinetic chain in overhand pitching: its potential role for performance enhancement and injury prevention","volume":"2","author":"Seroyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seroyer ST,\nNho SJ,\nBach BR,\nBush-Joseph CA,\nNicholson GP,\nRomeo AA. 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