{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T19:40:05Z","timestamp":1749670805975,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Authors of previous studies commonly used a multiselect checklist method to assess an athlete\u2019s ability to recognize true sport-related concussion (SRC) signs and symptoms (S&amp;S) among incorrect distractor options. However, this may overinflate the evaluation of participants\u2019 knowledge because the multiselect method does not test athletes\u2019 ability to retrieve knowledge from their long-term memory. To examine this hypothesis, we sent an online survey to registered members of the Japan Lacrosse Association (n = 8530) to assess differences in reported SRC S&amp;S by open-ended-question and multiselect formats. We also evaluated whether previous exposure to SRC education and a history of SRC influenced athletes\u2019 SRC S&amp;S knowledge. The numbers and proportions of responses were calculated using descriptive statistics. The Pearson correlation was calculated to analyze the relationship between scores from the 2 question formats. Unpaired-samples t tests were conducted to compare the mean scores for each question format by previous SRC education and history of diagnosed SRC. Odds ratios were computed to express the relationship between the proportion of correct answers by question format per symptom. The response rate of the survey was 35.9% (n = 3065), and scores from the 2 question formats were correlated (r = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.31, 0.37; P &amp;lt; .001). For both question formats, athletes with previous exposure to SRC education and a history of SRC had a greater number of correct answers; however, the mean differences were trivial. Researchers and clinicians should acknowledge the difference between multiselect (recognition) and open-ended (free recall) formats when assessing one\u2019s understanding of SRC and managing athletes with a suspected SRC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0233.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T21:19:28Z","timestamp":1674767968000},"page":"573-578","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Question Format Matters: Do Athletes Really Know the Signs and Symptoms of a Sport-Related Concussion?"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yuri","family":"Hosokawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siobhan","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020Dublin City University, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Tashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mana","family":"Otomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ara","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a7School of Education and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Beidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2016Department of Athletic Training, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(11)","key":"2023090214333907000_i1062-6050-58-6-573-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport\u2014the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"2023090214333907000_i1062-6050-58-6-573-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091941","article-title":"American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: concussion in sport","volume":"47","author":"Harmon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"2023090214333907000_i1062-6050-58-6-573-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.07","article-title":"National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement: management of sport concussion","volume":"49","author":"Broglio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"2023090214333907000_i1062-6050-58-6-573-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.3.20","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and concussion-reporting behaviors among high school athletes: a preliminary study","volume":"48","author":"Register-Mihalik","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"2023090214333907000_i1062-6050-58-6-573-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.1.07","article-title":"Knowledge of concussion and reporting behaviors in high school athletes with or without access to an athletic trainer","volume":"52","author":"Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"2023090214333907000_i1062-6050-58-6-573-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000843","article-title":"Can adults recognize concussion symptoms? 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