{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T08:21:00Z","timestamp":1782289260343,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:title>\n Athletes with a history of concussion are at a greater risk for lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. Female athletes may be at an even greater risk than male athletes. Previous researchers on postconcussion landing biomechanics have focused on the lower extremities, but the trunk plays a crucial role as an injury risk factor.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To compare lower extremity and trunk biomechanics during jump-landing and cutting maneuvers between female athletes with and those without a concussion history.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Biomechanics laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n A total of 26 athletes (mean \u00b1 SD age = 19.0 \u00b1 1.3 years, height = 1.68 \u00b1 0.07 m, mass = 64.02 \u00b1 6.76 kg, body mass index = 22.58 \u00b1 1.97 kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>; median [interquartile range] time since most recent concussion = 37.5 months [25.0 months, 65.8 months]) with a concussion history and 38 athletes (age = 19.0 \u00b1 1.1 years, height = 1.71 \u00b1 0.08 m, mass = 64.72 \u00b1 9.45 kg, body mass index = 22.14 \u00b1 1.80 kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>) without a concussion history.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n Peak kinetics (vertical ground reaction force, vertical loading rate, external knee-abduction moment, and external knee-flexion moment) and kinematics (trunk-flexion angle, trunk lateral-bending angle, ankle-dorsiflexion angle, knee-flexion angle, knee-abduction angle, and hip-flexion angle) were obtained during the eccentric portion of jump-landing and cutting tasks. Separate 2 (group) \u00d7 2 (limb) between- and within-factors analyses of covariance were used to compare outcomes between groups. We covaried for time since the most recent concussion and the limb that had a history of musculoskeletal injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Athletes with a concussion history displayed a greater peak knee-abduction angle in their nondominant limb than their dominant limb (P<\/jats:italic> = .01, \u03b7p<\/jats:sub>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.107) and the nondominant limb of athletes without a concussion history (P<\/jats:italic> = .02, \u03b7p<\/jats:sub>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.083) during jump landing. They also had less trunk lateral bending during cutting compared with athletes without a concussion history (P<\/jats:italic> = .005, \u03b7p<\/jats:sub>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.126).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Our results indicated landing biomechanics are different between female athletes with and those without a concussion history. This finding may be due to impairments in neuromuscular control postconcussion that may ultimately increase the risk of subsequent lower extremity injury, although further research is warranted given the cross-sectional nature of our study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0259.23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T12:01:40Z","timestamp":1694174500000},"page":"751-761","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trunk and Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Female Athletes With and Without a Concussion History"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Shumski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UGA Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeonghoon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne D.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGA Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Lynall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGA Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b01","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2654","article-title":"Epidemiology of sports-related concussion in NCAA athletes from 2009\u20132010 to 2013\u20132014: incidence, recurrence, and mechanisms","volume":"43","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zuckerman\n SL,\n \n \n Kerr\n ZY,\n \n \n Yengo-Kahn\n A,\n \n \n Wasserman\n E,\n \n \n Covassin\n T,\n \n \n Solomon\n GS.\n \n \n Epidemiology of sports-related concussion in NCAA athletes from 2009\u20132010 to 2013\u20132014: incidence, recurrence, and mechanisms. 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Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(1):167\u2013172. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001067"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b12","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"880","article-title":"Reaction time and joint kinematics during functional movement in recently concussed individuals","volume":"99","author":"Lynall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lynall\n RC,\n \n \n Blackburn\n JT,\n \n \n Guskiewicz\n KM,\n \n \n Marshall\n SW,\n \n \n Plummer\n P,\n \n \n Mihalik\n JP.\n \n \n Reaction time and joint kinematics during functional movement in recently concussed individuals. 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Brain Inj. 2007;21(6):631\u2013644. doi:10.1080\/02699050701426931"},{"issue":"pt 3","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b37","series-title":"Brain J Neurol","first-page":"695","article-title":"Brain function decline in healthy retired athletes who sustained their last sports concussion in early adulthood","volume":"132","author":"De Beaumont","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Beaumont\n L,\n \n \n Th\u00e9oret\n H,\n \n \n Mongeon\n D,\n \n et al.\n \n Brain function decline in healthy retired athletes who sustained their last sports concussion in early adulthood. Brain J Neurol. 2009;132(pt 3):695\u2013708. doi:10.1093\/brain\/awn347"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b38","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"716","article-title":"Corticospinal excitability can discriminate quadriceps strength indicative of knee function after ACL-reconstruction","volume":"29","author":"Bodkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bodkin\n SG,\n \n \n Norte\n GE,\n \n \n Hart\n JM.\n \n \n Corticospinal excitability can discriminate quadriceps strength indicative of knee function after ACL-reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29(5):716\u2013724. doi:10.1111\/sms.1339430672626"},{"key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b39","series-title":"Hum Mov Sci","first-page":"102830","article-title":"Corticomotor excitability of gluteus maximus and hip extensor strength: the influence of sex","volume":"78","author":"Shih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shih\n Y,\n \n \n Fisher\n BE,\n \n \n Kutch\n JJ,\n \n \n Powers\n CM.\n \n \n Corticomotor excitability of gluteus maximus and hip extensor strength: the influence of sex. Hum Mov Sci. 2021;78:102830. doi:10.1016\/j.humov.2021.102830"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b40","series-title":"Orthop J Sports Med","first-page":"2325967120957646","article-title":"Prospective frontal plane angles used to predict ACL strain and identify those at high risk for sports-related ACL injury","volume":"8","author":"Bates","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bates\n NA,\n \n \n Myer\n GD,\n \n \n Hale\n RF,\n \n \n Schilaty\n ND,\n \n \n Hewett\n TE.\n \n \n Prospective frontal plane angles used to predict ACL strain and identify those at high risk for sports-related ACL injury. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(10):2325967120957646. doi:10.1177\/2325967120957646"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b41","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"118","article-title":"High knee abduction moments are common risk factors for patellofemoral pain (PFP) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in girls: is PFP itself a predictor for subsequent ACL injury","volume":"49","author":"Myer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Myer\n GD,\n \n \n Ford\n KR,\n \n \n Di Stasi\n SL,\n \n \n Foss\n KD,\n \n \n Micheli\n LJ,\n \n \n Hewett\n TE.\n \n \n High knee abduction moments are common risk factors for patellofemoral pain (PFP) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in girls: is PFP itself a predictor for subsequent ACL injury? Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(2):118\u2013122. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092536"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b42","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1983","article-title":"Biomechanical determinants of performance and injury risk during cutting: a performance-injury conflict","volume":"51","author":"Dos\u2019Santos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dos\u2019Santos\n T,\n \n \n Thomas\n C,\n \n \n McBurnie\n A,\n \n \n Comfort\n P,\n \n \n Jones\n PA.\n \n \n Biomechanical determinants of performance and injury risk during cutting: a performance-injury conflict? Sports Med. 2021;51(9):1983\u20131998. doi:10.1007\/s40279-021-01448-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b43","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"174","article-title":"Sagittal-plane trunk position, landing forces, and quadriceps electromyographic activity","volume":"44","author":"Blackburn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blackburn\n JT,\n \n \n Padua\n DA.\n \n \n Sagittal-plane trunk position, landing forces, and quadriceps electromyographic activity. J Athl Train. 2009;44(2):174\u2013179. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-44.2.174"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b44","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"497","article-title":"Bilateral strength asymmetries and unilateral strength imbalance: predicting ankle injury when considered with higher body mass in US Special Forces","volume":"54","author":"Eagle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eagle\n SR,\n \n \n Kessels\n M,\n \n \n Johnson\n CD,\n \n et al.\n \n Bilateral strength asymmetries and unilateral strength imbalance: predicting ankle injury when considered with higher body mass in US Special Forces. J Athl Train. 2019;54(5):497\u2013504. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-255-18"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b45","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"401","article-title":"Is body mass index a risk factor for sport injury in adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Richmond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Richmond\n SA,\n \n \n Kang\n J,\n \n \n Emery\n CA.\n \n \n Is body mass index a risk factor for sport injury in adolescents? J Sci Med Sport. 2013;16(5):401\u2013405. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.11.898"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b46","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"541","article-title":"Sex differences in proximal control of the knee joint","volume":"41","author":"Mendiguchia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mendiguchia\n J,\n \n \n Ford\n KR,\n \n \n Quatman\n CE,\n \n \n Alentorn-Geli\n E,\n \n \n Hewett\n TE.\n \n \n Sex differences in proximal control of the knee joint. Sports Med. 2011;41(7):541\u2013557. doi:10.2165\/11589140-000000000-00000"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b47","series-title":"Int J Exerc Sci","first-page":"544","article-title":"Lower limb force asymmetries during landing and jumping exercises: a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Cone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cone\n SM,\n \n \n Lee\n S.\n \n \n Lower limb force asymmetries during landing and jumping exercises: a pilot study. Int J Exerc Sci. 2021;14(1):544\u2013551."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b48","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1426","article-title":"Strength asymmetry and landing mechanics at return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"47","author":"Schmitt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmitt\n LC,\n \n \n Paterno\n MV,\n \n \n Ford\n KR,\n \n \n Myer\n GD,\n \n \n Hewett\n TE.\n \n \n Strength asymmetry and landing mechanics at return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(7):1426\u20131434. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000560"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b49","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"296","article-title":"A 3-month jump-landing training program: a feasibility study using the RE-AIM framework","volume":"48","author":"Aerts","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aerts\n I,\n \n \n Cumps\n E,\n \n \n Verhagen\n E,\n \n \n Mathieu\n N,\n \n \n Van Schuerbeeck\n S,\n \n \n Meeusen\n R.\n \n \n A 3-month jump-landing training program: a feasibility study using the RE-AIM framework. J Athl Train. 2013;48(3):296\u2013305. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-48.3.18"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b50","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"353","article-title":"The relationship between injury-related fear and visuomotor reaction time in individuals with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"30","author":"Genoese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Genoese\n F,\n \n \n Baez\n SE,\n \n \n Heebner\n N,\n \n \n Hoch\n MC,\n \n \n Hoch\n JM.\n \n \n The relationship between injury-related fear and visuomotor reaction time in individuals with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Sport Rehabil. 2020;30(3):353\u2013359. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2019-0511"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b51","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"145","article-title":"Kinesiophobia is related to acute musculoskeletal injury incidence following concussion","volume":"32","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thompson\n XD,\n \n \n Newman\n TM,\n \n \n Donahue\n CC,\n \n \n Erdman\n NK,\n \n \n Statuta\n SM,\n \n \n Resch\n JE.\n \n \n Kinesiophobia is related to acute musculoskeletal injury incidence following concussion. J Sport Rehabil. 2022;32(2):145\u2013150. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2022-0134"},{"key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b52","article-title":"Returning to sports and activities","author":"HEADS UP","year":"2019","unstructured":"HEADS UP\n . Returning to sports and activities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published February 12, 2019. Accessed September 30, 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/headsup\/basics\/return_to_sports.html"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b53","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"242","article-title":"Pediatric sports specific return to play guidelines following concussion","volume":"9","author":"May","year":"2014","unstructured":"May\n KH,\n \n \n Marshall\n DL,\n \n \n Burns\n TG,\n \n \n Popoli\n DM,\n \n \n Polikandriotis\n JA.\n \n \n Pediatric sports specific return to play guidelines following concussion. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014;9(2):242\u2013255."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b54","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"2279","article-title":"Gait performance is associated with subsequent lower extremity injury following concussion","volume":"52","author":"Oldham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oldham\n JR,\n \n \n Howell\n DR,\n \n \n Knight\n CA,\n \n \n Crenshaw\n JR,\n \n \n Buckley\n TA.\n \n \n Gait performance is associated with subsequent lower extremity injury following concussion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(11):2279\u20132285. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002385"},{"issue":"17","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b55","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"981","article-title":"Under-representation of female athletes in research informing influential concussion consensus and position statements: an evidence review and synthesis","volume":"56","author":"D\u2019Lauro","year":"2022","unstructured":"D\u2019Lauro\n C,\n \n \n Jones\n ER,\n \n \n Swope\n LM,\n \n \n Anderson\n MN,\n \n \n Broglio\n S,\n \n \n Schmidt\n JD.\n \n \n Under-representation of female athletes in research informing influential concussion consensus and position statements: an evidence review and synthesis. Br J Sports Med. 2022;56(17):981\u2013987. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105045"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b56","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"154","article-title":"Jump-landing biomechanics and knee-laxity change across the menstrual cycle in women with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"49","author":"Bell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bell\n DR,\n \n \n Blackburn\n JT,\n \n \n Hackney\n AC,\n \n \n Marshall\n SW,\n \n \n Beutler\n AI,\n \n \n Padua\n DA.\n \n \n Jump-landing biomechanics and knee-laxity change across the menstrual cycle in women with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Athl Train. 2014;49(2):154\u2013162. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.2.01"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-751-b57","series-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J","first-page":"136","article-title":"Effects of the menstrual cycle on lower-limb biomechanics, neuromuscular control, and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Balachandar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balachandar\n V,\n \n \n Marciniak\n JL,\n \n \n Wall\n O,\n \n \n Balachandar\n C.\n \n \n Effects of the menstrual cycle on lower-limb biomechanics, neuromuscular control, and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk: a systematic review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2017;7(1):136\u2013146. doi:10.11138\/mltj\/2017.7.1.136"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/59\/7\/article-p751.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/59\/7\/751\/3410287\/i1938-162x-59-7-751.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/59\/7\/article-p751.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/59\/7\/article-p751.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:44:15Z","timestamp":1749689055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/59\/7\/article-p751.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0259.23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-162X","1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-162X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}}}