{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:37:49Z","timestamp":1792759069856,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:title>\n Chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients exhibit altered movement patterns during jump landing\/cutting movements. Persistent pain is one of the residual symptoms that may affect movements. Calculating joint energetics affected by chronic pain offers a novel method to understand how chronic pain influences energetics of lower extremity joints in CAI patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To identify the effects of chronic pain on lower extremity energy dissipation and generation during jump landing and cutting in patients with CAI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n Fifteen CAI patients with higher pain (6 men and 9 women; age = 22.1 \u00b1 2.1 years, height = 1.74 \u00b1 0.09 m, mass = 71.3 \u00b1 10.6 kg, pain = 66.9 \u00b1 9.4), 15 patients with CAI and lower pain (6 men and 9 women; age = 22.3 \u00b1 2.1 years, height = 1.74 \u00b1 0.08 m, mass = 70.1 \u00b1 10.7 kg, pain = 89.3 \u00b1 2.6), and 15 healthy control individuals (6 men and 9 women; age = 21.3 \u00b1 1.7 years, height = 1.73 \u00b1 0.08 m, mass = 70 \u00b1 10.3 kg, pain = 100 \u00b1 0).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n Ground reaction force data were collected during 5 trials of maximal jump landing\/cutting tasks. Joint power was defined as the product of angular velocity and joint moment. Energy dissipation and generation by the ankle, knee, and hip joints were calculated by integrating regions of the joint power curve.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n CAI patients with higher pain displayed less ankle energy dissipation (P<\/jats:italic> = .013 and P<\/jats:italic> = .018) and generation in the ankle (P<\/jats:italic> = .002 and P<\/jats:italic> = .028) than CAI patients with lower pain and healthy control individuals during the jump landing\/cutting phase. CAI patients with higher pain showed more hip energy generation than CAI patients with lower pain (P<\/jats:italic> = .038) and healthy control individuals (P<\/jats:italic> = .013) during the cutting phase.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n CAI patients with higher pain changed both energy dissipation and generation in the lower extremities, reducing the burden of the ankle joint during jump landing\/cutting and having a hip-dominant compensatory strategy during the cutting phase. Our results suggest that chronic pain could be one of the factors that affect motor strategies in the CAI population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0261.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T17:31:14Z","timestamp":1730395874000},"page":"218-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic Pain Influences Lower Extremity Energetics During Landing Cutting in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Minsub","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunwook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunguk","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Ty","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b01","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"73","article-title":"A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports","volume":"37","author":"Fong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fong\n DT,\n \n \n Hong\n Y,\n \n \n Chan\n LK,\n \n \n Yung\n PS,\n \n \n Chan\n KM.\n \n \n A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. 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Sports Biomech. 2022;21(4):408\u2013427. doi:10.1080\/14763141.2021.2009549"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b10","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"812","article-title":"Contributions of lower extremity joints to energy dissipation during landings","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang\n SN,\n \n \n Bates\n BT,\n \n \n Dufek\n JS.\n \n \n Contributions of lower extremity joints to energy dissipation during landings. 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Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(13):3130. doi:10.3390\/ijms20133130"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b14","series-title":"Clin J Pain","first-page":"175","article-title":"Nociception affects motor output: a review on sensory-motor interaction with focus on clinical implications","volume":"28","author":"Nijs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nijs\n J,\n \n \n Daenen\n L,\n \n \n Cras\n P,\n \n \n Struyf\n F,\n \n \n Roussel\n N,\n \n \n Oostendorp\n RA.\n \n \n Nociception affects motor output: a review on sensory-motor interaction with focus on clinical implications. 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BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):699. doi:10.1186\/s12891-022-05656-4"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b16","series-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)","first-page":"105458","article-title":"Anterior knee pain independently alters landing and jumping biomechanics","volume":"89","author":"Seeley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seeley\n MK,\n \n \n Denning\n WM,\n \n \n Park\n J,\n \n \n Croft\n K,\n \n \n Horton\n WZ,\n \n \n Hopkins\n JT.\n \n \n Anterior knee pain independently alters landing and jumping biomechanics. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2021;89:105458. doi:10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2021.105458"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b17","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"771","article-title":"Influence of severity and duration of anterior knee pain on quadriceps function and self-reported function","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim\n S,\n \n \n Park\n J.\n \n \n Influence of severity and duration of anterior knee pain on quadriceps function and self-reported function. J Athl Train. 2022;57(8):771\u2013779. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0647.21"},{"issue":"13","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b18","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium","volume":"48","author":"Gribble","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gribble\n PA,\n \n \n Delahunt\n E,\n \n \n Bleakley\n C,\n \n et al.\n \n Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(13):1014\u20131018. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093175"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b19","series-title":"Acta Ortop\u00e9d Brasil","first-page":"232","article-title":"Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) questionnaire into Portuguese","volume":"17","author":"Imoto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Imoto\n AM,\n \n \n Peccin\n MS,\n \n \n Rodrigues\n R,\n \n \n Mizusaki\n JM.\n \n \n Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) questionnaire into Portuguese. 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J Athl Train. 2014;49(6):758\u2013763. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.54"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b24","series-title":"J Orthop Surg Res","first-page":"32","article-title":"Differences between mechanically stable and unstable chronic ankle instability subgroups when examined by arthrometer and FAAM-G","volume":"10","author":"Lohrer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lohrer\n H,\n \n \n Nauck\n T,\n \n \n Gehring\n D,\n \n \n Wissler\n S,\n \n \n Braag\n B,\n \n \n Gollhofer\n A.\n \n \n Differences between mechanically stable and unstable chronic ankle instability subgroups when examined by arthrometer and FAAM-G. 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J Athl Train. 2015;50(8):833\u2013839. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-50.5.07"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b28","series-title":"Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"1427","article-title":"The relationship between ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, frontal plane projection angle, and patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Hassan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hassan\n KA,\n \n \n Youssef\n RSEE,\n \n \n Mahmoud\n NF,\n \n \n Eltagy\n H,\n \n \n El-Desouky\n MA.\n \n \n The relationship between ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, frontal plane projection angle, and patellofemoral pain syndrome. 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J Orthop Res. 2009;27(12):1541\u20131546. doi:10.1002\/jor.20934"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b31","series-title":"Physiotherapy","first-page":"13","article-title":"Relationship between foot pain, muscle strength and size: a systematic review","volume":"103","author":"Latey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Latey\n PJ,\n \n \n Burns\n J,\n \n \n Hiller\n CE,\n \n \n Nightingale\n EJ.\n \n \n Relationship between foot pain, muscle strength and size: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2017;103(1):13\u201320. doi:10.1016\/j.physio.2016.07.006"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b32","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"509","article-title":"Ability of functional performance tests to identify individuals with chronic ankle instability: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Rosen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosen\n AB,\n \n \n Needle\n AR,\n \n \n Ko\n J.\n \n \n Ability of functional performance tests to identify individuals with chronic ankle instability: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin J Sport Med. 2019;29(6):509\u2013522. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000535"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b33","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"454","article-title":"Submaximal force steadiness and accuracy in patients with chronic ankle instability","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee\n H,\n \n \n Son\n SJ,\n \n \n Kim\n H,\n \n \n Han\n S,\n \n \n Seeley\n M,\n \n \n Hopkins\n JT.\n \n \n Submaximal force steadiness and accuracy in patients with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2021;56(5):454\u2013460. doi:10.4085\/15-20"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-60-3-218-b34","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1563","article-title":"Proximal adaptations in chronic ankle instability: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"DeJong","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeJong\n AF,\n \n \n Koldenhoven\n RM,\n \n \n Hertel\n J.\n \n \n Proximal adaptations in chronic ankle instability: systematic review and meta-analysis. 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