{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T14:13:40Z","timestamp":1764080020793,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:title>\n There is strong evidence that racial and ethnic disparities exist in multiple arenas of health and wellness. The causes of racial and ethnic differences in health care are multidimensional; one factor that may affect injury\/illness communication, interactions, and outcomes is patient-provider racial and ethnic concordance. At present, it is unclear what role patient-provider racial and ethnic concordance and discordance plays in facilitating concussion care for collegiate athletes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the presence of athlete\u2013athletic trainer (AT) racial and ethnic concordance and discordance among diagnosed concussion cases and examine if racial and ethnic concordance and discordance influences time (in days) until diagnosis, symptom resolution, or return-to-sport clinical milestones in collegiate athletes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Collegiate athletics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n A total of 694 concussion cases (38.6% [n = 268] sustained by women, 61.4% [n = 426] sustained by men) that occurred within the 2015\u20132016 through 2019\u20132020 sport seasons at 9 institutions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n The number of days from the date of injury to diagnosis, symptom resolution, and return to sport and from the date of diagnosis to symptom resolution and return to sport.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Overall, 68.4% (n = 475) of concussion cases had patient-provider racial and ethnic concordance, and 31.6% (n = 219) were discordant. All concordant pairs included a White athlete and White AT. Time to diagnosis differed between the concordant and discordant groups (median [interquartile range] = 1 [0\u20132] versus 0 [0\u20131], respectively) only in the model adjusted for sex, sport type, and availability of an AT (odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.07\u20131.85]). There were no other group differences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n One-third of concussion cases had athlete-AT racial and ethnic discordance. Although this group was diagnosed with a concussion 1 day sooner than the concordant group, no differences were observed for any concussion recovery milestones. These findings suggest that patient-provider racial and ethnic concordance may play a minor role in concussion recognition or reporting but not necessarily in the management and recovery thereafter.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0320.23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:22:50Z","timestamp":1716456170000},"page":"762-771","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["More Than Skin Deep: Patient-Provider Racial and Ethnic Concordance and Discordance in Collegiate Athletics and Concussion Management"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Beidler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Training, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Training, College of Health Sciences, University of Lynchburg, VA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica R.","family":"Lininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith N.","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, Athletic Training Program, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luzita","family":"Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamaria","family":"Hibbler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Athletics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine Morigaki","family":"Breedlove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thayne A.","family":"Munce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique R.","family":"Pappadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Health Disparities, School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sunchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Boy Health Center, Box Elder, MT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Ahonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intercollegiate Athletics and Community Wellness, Virginia Union University, Richmond"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nyaz","family":"Didehbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David X.","family":"Cifu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob E.","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Kelshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Brain Research and Assessment Initiative of New Hampshire (BRAIN) Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"year":"2017","series-title":"Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-762-b01","unstructured":"Weinstein\n JN,\n \n \n Geller\n A,\n \n \n Negussie\n Y,\n \n \n Baciu\n A\n \n , eds. 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Clin Neuropsychol. 2019;33(6):1016\u20131043. doi:10.1080\/13854046.2018.1508616"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-762-b34","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"1017","article-title":"The influence of athletic trainers on the incidence and management of concussions in high school athletes","volume":"53","author":"McGuine","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGuine\n TA,\n \n \n Pfaller\n AY,\n \n \n Post\n EG,\n \n \n Hetzel\n SJ,\n \n \n Brooks\n A,\n \n \n Broglio\n SP.\n \n \n The influence of athletic trainers on the incidence and management of concussions in high school athletes. J Athl Train. 2018;53(11):1017\u20131024. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-209-18"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-762-b35","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"23","article-title":"Diversity in medical schools: a much-needed new beginning","volume":"325","author":"Montgomery Rice","year":"2021","unstructured":"Montgomery Rice\n V.\n \n \n Diversity in medical schools: a much-needed new beginning. 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Sports Med. 2022;52(2):403\u2013415. doi:10.1007\/s40279-021-01541-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-59-7-762-b44","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"226","article-title":"Epidemiology of sports-related concussions in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes from 2009-2010 to 2013-2014: symptom prevalence, symptom resolution time, and return-to-play time","volume":"44","author":"Wasserman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wasserman\n EB,\n \n \n Kerr\n ZY,\n \n \n Zuckerman\n SL,\n \n \n Covassin\n T.\n \n \n Epidemiology of sports-related concussions in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes from 2009-2010 to 2013-2014: symptom prevalence, symptom resolution time, and return-to-play time. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(1):226\u2013233. doi:10.1177\/0363546515610537"},{"key":"i1938-162X-59-7-762-b45","unstructured":"2014\u201315 NCAA sports medicine handbook. National Collegiate Athletic Association. 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