{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:52:56Z","timestamp":1791334376116,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acetabular dysplasia, a nonarthritic hip joint pain condition in active young and middle-aged adults, is distinct from femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Despite increasing clinical recognition of acetabular dysplasia over the past decade, it remains a challenging orthopaedic condition for athletic trainers to manage due to the complexities of diagnosis, concurrent psychological implications, and overlap with other hip and spine pathologies. Acetabular dysplasia is more prevalent in females and is diagnosed primarily through clinical presentation and radiographic evidence. Altered femoral morphology and soft tissue pathology commonly co-occur. The primary symptoms include anterior, groin, and potentially lateral hip pain exacerbated by movement and prolonged positioning. Individuals with mild acetabular dysplasia typically benefit more from nonsurgical rehabilitation, while severe cases often require surgical modification, such as periacetabular osteotomy, to reduce pain and risk of osteoarthritis. When treating athletes with hip pain, especially females, athletic trainers should consider acetabular dysplasia in their differential diagnosis, as early identification and intervention are beneficial for preservation of the natural hip joint.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0344.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:31:10Z","timestamp":1781742670000},"page":"658-667","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current Clinical Concepts: Assessment and Management of Acetabular Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"LaCross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli","family":"Brizzolara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman\u2019s University T. Boone Pickens Institute of Health Sciences-Dallas Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman\u2019s University T. Boone Pickens Institute of Health Sciences-Dallas Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara L.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Boston University, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b01","series-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open","first-page":"e002080","article-title":"Prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Tao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tao Z,\nWang J,\nLi Y, et al. 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Development of an aid to detect adults acetabular hip dysplasia (the ALPHA alert): a mixed methods study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2024;73:103157. doi:10.1016\/j.msksp.2024.103157"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b49","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"239","article-title":"Clinical examination, diagnostic imaging, and testing of athletes with groin pain: an evidence-based approach to effective management","volume":"48","author":"Thorborg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thorborg K,\nReiman MP,\nWeir A, et al. Clinical examination, diagnostic imaging, and testing of athletes with groin pain: an evidence-based approach to effective management. 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Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(12):702\u2013710. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101457"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b51","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1731","article-title":"Measurement properties of clinical tests for assessing individuals with hip-related pain: a systematic review based on the Consensus-based Standards for selection of health Measurement INstrument guidelines","volume":"107","author":"Gomes","year":"2026","unstructured":"Gomes DA,\nSerighelli F,\nScholes M, et al. Measurement properties of clinical tests for assessing individuals with hip-related pain: a systematic review based on the Consensus-based Standards for selection of health Measurement INstrument guidelines. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2026;107(7):1731\u20131743. doi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.10.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b52","series-title":"Acta Orthop","first-page":"285","article-title":"Isometric hip strength impairments in patients with hip dysplasia are improved but not normalized 1 year after periacetabular osteotomy: a cohort study of 82 patients","volume":"92","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacobsen JS,\nJakobsen SS,\nS\u00f8balle K,\nH\u00f6lmich P,\nThorborg K. Isometric hip strength impairments in patients with hip dysplasia are improved but not normalized 1 year after periacetabular osteotomy: a cohort study of 82 patients. Acta Orthop. 2021;92(3):285\u2013291. doi:10.1080\/17453674.2020.1864911. Published correction appears in Acta Orthop. 2021;92(6):765. doi:10.1080\/17453674.2021.1986292"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b53","series-title":"Phys Ther Sport","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does hip muscle strength and functional performance differ between football players with and without hip dysplasia","volume":"64","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien MJM,\nHeerey J,\nSemciw AI, et al. Does hip muscle strength and functional performance differ between football players with and without hip dysplasia? Phys Ther Sport. 2023;64:1\u20137. doi:10.1016\/j.ptsp.2023.08.002"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b54","series-title":"J Orthop Res","first-page":"1387","article-title":"The biomechanical disadvantage of dysplastic hips","volume":"40","author":"Harris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harris MD,\nShepherd MC,\nSong K, et al. The biomechanical disadvantage of dysplastic hips. 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A cross-sectional study","volume":"53","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien MJM,\nKemp JL,\nSemciw AI, et al. Football players with hip dysplasia: the relationship between muscle strength, functional performance, self-reported sport and recreation, cartilage defects, and sex. A cross-sectional study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2023;53(10):626\u2013633. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2023.12026"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b57","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"635","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests and imaging exams for femoroacetabular impingement: an umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"32","author":"Fernandes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fernandes DA,\nMelo G,\nContreras MEK,\nLocks R,\nChahla J,\nNeves FS. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests and imaging exams for femoroacetabular impingement: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Clin J Sport Med. 2022;32(6):635\u2013647. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000978"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b58","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"47","article-title":"A systematic approach to the plain radiographic evaluation of the young adult hip","volume":"90","author":"Clohisy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clohisy JC,\nCarlisle JC,\nBeaul\u00e9 PE, et al. A systematic approach to the plain radiographic evaluation of the young adult hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(suppl 4):47\u201366. doi:10.2106\/JBJS.H.00756"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b59","series-title":"Acad Radiol","first-page":"2140","article-title":"Improved identification of adolescent hip dysplasia using a screening method based on lateral center edge angle measurements","volume":"30","author":"Albar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Albar A,\nSher AC,\nRosenfeld S, et al. Improved identification of adolescent hip dysplasia using a screening method based on lateral center edge angle measurements. Acad Radiol. 2023;30(10):2140\u20132146. doi:10.1016\/j.acra.2023.05.034"},{"issue":"23","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b60","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1382","article-title":"Improving function in people with hip-related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of physiotherapist-led interventions for hip-related pain","volume":"54","author":"Kemp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kemp JL,\nMosler AB,\nHart H, et al. Improving function in people with hip-related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of physiotherapist-led interventions for hip-related pain. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(23):1382\u20131394. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101690"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b61","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"504","article-title":"Physiotherapist-led treatment for young to middle-aged active adults with hip-related pain: consensus recommendations from the International Hip-related Pain Research Network, Zurich 2018","volume":"54","author":"Kemp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kemp JL,\nRisberg MA,\nMosler A, et al. Physiotherapist-led treatment for young to middle-aged active adults with hip-related pain: consensus recommendations from the International Hip-related Pain Research Network, Zurich 2018. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(9):504\u2013511. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101458"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b62","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"316","article-title":"Reduced hip adduction is associated with improved function after movement pattern training in young people with chronic hip joint pain","volume":"48","author":"Harris-Hayes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harris-Hayes M,\nSteger-May K,\nvan Dillen LR, et al. Reduced hip adduction is associated with improved function after movement pattern training in young people with chronic hip joint pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018;48(4):316\u2013324. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2018.7810"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b63","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","first-page":"751","article-title":"Progressive resistance training in patients with hip dysplasia: a feasibility study","volume":"50","author":"Mortensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mortensen L,\nSchultz J,\nElsner A, et al. Progressive resistance training in patients with hip dysplasia: a feasibility study. J Rehabil Med. 2018;50(8):751\u2013758. doi:10.2340\/16501977-2371"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b64","series-title":"Man Ther","first-page":"508","article-title":"Postural correction reduces hip pain in adult with acetabular dysplasia: a case report","volume":"20","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lewis CL. Postural correction reduces hip pain in adult with acetabular dysplasia: a case report. Man Ther. 2015;20(3):508\u2013512. doi:10.1016\/j.math.2015.01.014"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b65","series-title":"J Orthop Res","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Comparison between movement pattern training and strengthening on muscle volume, muscle fat, and strength in patients with hip-related groin pain: an exploratory analysis","volume":"40","author":"Koch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koch K,\nSemciw AI,\nCommean PK, et al. Comparison between movement pattern training and strengthening on muscle volume, muscle fat, and strength in patients with hip-related groin pain: an exploratory analysis. J Orthop Res. 2022;40(6):1375\u20131386. doi:10.1002\/jor.25158"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b66","series-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med","first-page":"e000707","article-title":"Movement pattern training compared with standard strengthening and flexibility among patients with hip-related groin pain: results of a pilot multicentre randomised clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Harris-Hayes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harris-Hayes M,\nSteger-May K,\nBove AM, et al. Movement pattern training compared with standard strengthening and flexibility among patients with hip-related groin pain: results of a pilot multicentre randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2020;6(1):e000707. doi:10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000707"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b67","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"110183","article-title":"Effect of simulated rehabilitation on hip joint loading during single limb squat in patients with hip dysplasia","volume":"116","author":"Gaffney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaffney BMM,\nHarris-Hayes M,\nClohisy JC,\nHarris MD. Effect of simulated rehabilitation on hip joint loading during single limb squat in patients with hip dysplasia. J Biomech. 2021;116:110183. doi:10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.110183"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b68","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"111019","article-title":"Activation of the deep hip muscles can change the direction of loading at the hip","volume":"135","author":"Meinders","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meinders E,\nPizzolato C,\nGoncalves B,\nLloyd DG,\nSaxby DJ,\nDiamond LE. Activation of the deep hip muscles can change the direction of loading at the hip. J Biomech. 2022;135:111019. doi:10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111019"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b69","series-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic predictors of failed hip arthroscopy in the management of dysplasia: a systematic review and proposal for classification","volume":"28","author":"Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah A,\nKay J,\nMemon M, et al. Clinical and radiographic predictors of failed hip arthroscopy in the management of dysplasia: a systematic review and proposal for classification. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(4):1296\u20131310. doi:10.1007\/s00167-019-05416-3. Published correction appears in Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(4):1341. doi:10.1007\/s00167-019-05494-3"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b70","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"3788","article-title":"Persistent structural disease is the most common cause of repeat hip preservation surgery","volume":"471","author":"Clohisy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clohisy JC,\nNepple JJ,\nLarson CM,\nZaltz I,\nMillis M; Academic Network of Conservation Hip Outcome Research (ANCHOR) Members. Persistent structural disease is the most common cause of repeat hip preservation surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(12):3788\u20133794. doi:10.1007\/s11999-013-3218-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b71","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Rehabilitation guidelines for use following a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO): a North American based Delphi consensus","volume":"17","author":"Disantis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Disantis AE,\nRuh E,\nMartin R,\nEnseki K,\nMcClincy M. Rehabilitation guidelines for use following a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO): a North American based Delphi consensus. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022;17(6):1002\u20131015. doi:10.26603\/001c.38043"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b72","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","first-page":"103283","article-title":"Hip survivorship following the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan JHI,\nTan SHS,\nRajoo MS,\nLim AKS,\nHui JH. Hip survivorship following the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2022;108(4):103283. doi:10.1016\/j.otsr.2022.103283"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b73","series-title":"J Hip Preserv Surg","first-page":"98","article-title":"Periacetabular osteotomy with and without concomitant arthroscopy: a systematic review of evidence on post-operative activity levels and return to sport","volume":"11","author":"Wyatt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wyatt P,\nCole S,\nSatalich J, et al. Periacetabular osteotomy with and without concomitant arthroscopy: a systematic review of evidence on post-operative activity levels and return to sport. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2023;11(2):98\u2013112. doi:10.1093\/jhps\/hnad043"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b74","series-title":"J Orthop Surg Res","first-page":"944","article-title":"Postoperative weight-bearing restrictions and rehabilitation after periacetabular osteotomy: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Leopold","year":"2025","unstructured":"Leopold VJ,\nHildebrandt A,\nHubner E, et al. Postoperative weight-bearing restrictions and rehabilitation after periacetabular osteotomy: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025;20(1):944. doi:10.1186\/s13018-025-06448-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b75","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"1154","article-title":"One-third of hips after periacetabular osteotomy survive 30 years with good clinical results, no progression of arthritis, or conversion to THA","volume":"475","author":"Lerch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lerch TD,\nSteppacher SD,\nLiechti EF,\nTannast M,\nSiebenrock KA. One-third of hips after periacetabular osteotomy survive 30 years with good clinical results, no progression of arthritis, or conversion to THA. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(4):1154\u20131168. doi:10.1007\/s11999-016-5169-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b76","series-title":"Hip Int","first-page":"96","article-title":"Pain, function and quality of life are impaired in adults undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for hip dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2024","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien MJ,\nSemciw AI,\nMechlenburg I,\nT\u00f8nning LC,\nStewart CJ,\nKemp JL. Pain, function and quality of life are impaired in adults undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for hip dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hip Int. 2024;34(1):96\u2013114. doi:10.1177\/11207000231179610"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b77","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","first-page":"247","article-title":"Ten- and 20-year survivorship of the hip after periacetabular osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia","volume":"27","author":"Ziran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ziran N,\nVarcadipane J,\nKadri O, et al. Ten- and 20-year survivorship of the hip after periacetabular osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019;27(7):247\u2013255. doi:10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00810"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-10-658-b78","series-title":"Acta Orthop","first-page":"299","article-title":"14-year hip survivorship after periacetabular osteotomy: a follow-up study on 1,385 hips","volume":"91","author":"Larsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Larsen JB,\nMechlenburg I,\nJakobsen SS,\nThilleman TM,\nS\u00f8balle K. 14-year hip survivorship after periacetabular osteotomy: a follow-up study on 1,385 hips. 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