{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T07:37:40Z","timestamp":1769931460349,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:title>\n Exploring sports-related musculoskeletal injuries and treatment characteristics in middle school sports may help inform patient care decisions such as appropriate medical coverage.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To describe injury and treatment characteristics of middle school\u2013aged athletes receiving care from athletic trainers within the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network (AT-PBRN).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Descriptive study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Middle school.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patient or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n Middle school\u2013aged athletes (n = 1011; male = 503, female = 506, 2 declined to answer) with sports-related musculoskeletal injuries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n Electronic patient records were analyzed from the AT-PBRN from 59 athletic trainers across 14 states between 2010 and 2022. Summary statistics (frequency, percentages, median, and interquartile ranges [IQR]) were used to describe injury (age at injury, sex, sport, body part, and diagnosis) and treatment characteristics (type of treatment, number of visits, and number of procedures per visit).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Football (17.7%, n = 179), basketball (17.6%, n = 178), and soccer (14.9%, n = 151) reported the highest number of injuries. The ankle (17.2%, n = 174), knee (16.5%, n = 167), and head (14.1%, n = 143) were the most common injury locations. Concussion (13.0%, n = 131), ankle strain\/sprain (12.4%, n = 125), and thigh\/hip\/groin sprain\/strain (11.1%, n = 112) were the most reported diagnoses. Therapeutic exercise or activities (27.6%, n = 1068), athletic trainer evaluation or re-evaluation (24.7%, n = 957), and hot\/cold packs (19.8%, n = 766) were the most common services, with a median of 2 visits (IQR = 1 to 4) and 2 procedures (IQR = 1 to 2) per visit.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Football, basketball, and soccer reported the most musculoskeletal injuries for middle school-aged athletes. Concussions were the most frequent diagnosis, followed by ankle sprains\/strains. Our findings are similar to prior investigations at the high school and collegiate levels. Treatments at the middle school level were also similar to those that have been previously reported at the high school level with therapeutic exercise\/activity, athletic trainer evaluation or re-evaluation, and hot\/cold packs being the most common treatments. This information may be useful for informing patient care decisions at the middle-school level.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0359.23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T12:10:00Z","timestamp":1701173400000},"page":"649-654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Injury and Treatment Characteristics of Middle School-Aged Patients Under the Care of Athletic Trainers From 2010 to 2022: A Report From the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas State University, San Marcos"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Sigmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas State University, San Marcos"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Appalachian State University, Boone, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth C.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Koldenhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas State University, San Marcos"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b01","article-title":"Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health","author":"National Survey of Children\u2019s Health","unstructured":"National Survey of Children\u2019s Health\n . Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health. Accessed August 3, 2023. https:\/\/www.childhealthdata.org\/browse\/survey\/results?q=8071&r=1&g=829"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b02","series-title":"J Phys Ther Sci","first-page":"1455","article-title":"Prevalence of sport injuries among middle school children and suggestions for their prevention","volume":"26","author":"Atay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Atay\n E.\n \n \n Prevalence of sport injuries among middle school children and suggestions for their prevention. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(9):1455\u20131457. doi:10.1589\/jpts.26.1455"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b03","series-title":"J Exerc Sci Fit","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Children and adolescents in the sport culture: the overwhelming majority to the select few","volume":"7","author":"Malina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malina\n RM.\n \n \n Children and adolescents in the sport culture: the overwhelming majority to the select few. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2009;7(2 suppl):S1\u2013S10. doi:10.1016\/S1728-869X(09)60017-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b04","series-title":"J Sch Health","first-page":"113","article-title":"Differences in behavior, psychological factors, and environmental factors associated with participation in school sports and other activities in adolescence","volume":"73","author":"Harrison","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harrison\n PA,\n \n \n Narayan\n G.\n \n \n Differences in behavior, psychological factors, and environmental factors associated with participation in school sports and other activities in adolescence. J Sch Health. 2003;73(3):113\u2013120. doi:10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2003.tb03585.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b05","series-title":"J Phys Act Health","first-page":"424","article-title":"The fun integration theory: toward sustaining children and adolescents sport participation","volume":"12","author":"Visek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Visek\n AJ,\n \n \n Achrati\n SM,\n \n \n Mannix\n H,\n \n \n McDonnell\n K,\n \n \n Harris\n BS,\n \n \n DiPietro\n L.\n \n \n The fun integration theory: toward sustaining children and adolescents sport participation. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12(3):424\u2013433. doi:10.1123\/jpah.2013-0180"},{"key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b06","series-title":"Open Access J Sports Med","first-page":"151","article-title":"Youth sport: positive and negative impact on young athletes","volume":"4","author":"Merkel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merkel\n DL.\n \n \n Youth sport: positive and negative impact on young athletes. Open Access J Sports Med. 2013;4:151\u2013160. doi:10.2147\/OAJSM.S33556"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b07","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"128","article-title":"Inter-association consensus statement on best practices for sports medicine management for secondary schools and colleges","volume":"49","author":"Courson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Courson\n R,\n \n \n Goldenberg\n M,\n \n \n Adams\n KG,\n \n et al.\n Inter-association consensus statement on best practices for sports medicine management for secondary schools and colleges. J Athl Train. 2014;49(1):128\u2013137. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.06"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b08","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"493","article-title":"Middle school injuries: a 20-year (1988-2008) multisport evaluation","volume":"49","author":"Beachy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beachy\n G,\n \n \n Rauh\n M.\n \n \n Middle school injuries: a 20-year (1988-2008) multisport evaluation. J Athl Train. 2014;49(4):493\u2013506. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.2.19"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b09","series-title":"PM R","first-page":"793","article-title":"Running-related injuries in middle school cross-country runners: prevalence and characteristics of common injuries","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu\n AC,\n \n \n Rauh\n MJ,\n \n \n DeLuca\n S,\n \n et al.\n Running-related injuries in middle school cross-country runners: prevalence and characteristics of common injuries. PM R. 2022;14(7):793\u2013801. doi:10.1002\/pmrj.12649. Retracted in: PM R. 2023;15(11):1511. doi:10.1002\/pmrj.13096"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b10","series-title":"Phys Sportsmed","first-page":"146","article-title":"Epidemiology of basketball, soccer, and volleyball injuries in middle-school female athletes","volume":"42","author":"Barber Foss","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barber Foss\n KD,\n \n \n Myer\n GD,\n \n \n Hewett\n TE.\n \n \n Epidemiology of basketball, soccer, and volleyball injuries in middle-school female athletes. Phys Sportsmed. 2014;42(2):146\u2013153. doi:10.3810\/psm.2014.05.2066"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b11","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"410","article-title":"Analysis of injury incidences in male professional adult and elite youth soccer players: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Pfirrmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pfirrmann\n D,\n \n \n Herbst\n M,\n \n \n Ingelfinger\n P,\n \n \n Simon\n P,\n \n \n Tug\n S.\n \n \n Analysis of injury incidences in male professional adult and elite youth soccer players: a systematic review. J Athl Train. 2016;51(5):410\u2013424. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-51.6.03"},{"key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b12","series-title":"Transl Sports Med","first-page":"e8791398","article-title":"The epidemiology of youth sport-related shoulder injuries: a systematic review","volume":"2022","author":"Gibson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gibson\n ES,\n \n \n Cairo\n A,\n \n \n R\u00e4is\u00e4nen\n AM,\n \n \n Kuntze\n C,\n \n \n Emery\n CA,\n \n \n Pasanen\n K.\n \n \n The epidemiology of youth sport-related shoulder injuries: a systematic review. Transl Sports Med. 2022;2022:e8791398. doi:10.1155\/2022\/8791398"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b13","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"197","article-title":"An epidemiologic comparison of high school sports injuries sustained in practice and competition","volume":"43","author":"Rechel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rechel\n JA,\n \n \n Yard\n EE,\n \n \n Comstock\n RD.\n \n \n An epidemiologic comparison of high school sports injuries sustained in practice and competition. J Athl Train. 2008;43(2):197\u2013204. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-43.2.197"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b14","series-title":"Inj Epidemiol","first-page":"51","article-title":"An epidemiologic comparison of acute and overuse injuries in high school sports","volume":"8","author":"Ritzer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ritzer\n EE,\n \n \n Yang\n J,\n \n \n Kistamgari\n S,\n \n \n Collins\n CL,\n \n \n Smith\n GA.\n \n \n An epidemiologic comparison of acute and overuse injuries in high school sports. Inj Epidemiol. 2021;8(1):51. doi:10.1186\/s40621-021-00344-8"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b15","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1790","article-title":"Epidemiology of overuse injuries in collegiate and high school athletics in the United States","volume":"43","author":"Roos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roos\n KG,\n \n \n Marshall\n SW,\n \n \n Kerr\n ZY,\n \n et al.\n Epidemiology of overuse injuries in collegiate and high school athletics in the United States. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(7):1790\u20131797. doi:10.1177\/0363546515580790"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b16","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"67","article-title":"Injury and treatment characteristics of sport-specific injuries sustained in interscholastic athletics","volume":"7","author":"Lam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lam\n KC,\n \n \n Snyder Valier\n AR,\n \n \n Valovich McLeod\n TC.\n \n \n Injury and treatment characteristics of sport-specific injuries sustained in interscholastic athletics. Sports Health. 2015;7(1):67\u201374. doi:10.1177\/1941738114555842"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b17","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"311","article-title":"Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives","volume":"42","author":"Hootman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hootman\n JM,\n \n \n Dick\n R,\n \n \n Agel\n J.\n \n \n Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train. 2007;42(2):311\u2013319."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b18","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"198","article-title":"Epidemiology of overuse and acute injuries among competitive collegiate athletes","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang\n J,\n \n \n Tibbetts\n AS,\n \n \n Covassin\n T,\n \n \n Cheng\n G,\n \n \n Nayar\n S,\n \n \n Heiden\n E.\n \n \n Epidemiology of overuse and acute injuries among competitive collegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 2012;47(2):198\u2013204. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-47.2.198"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b19","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"557","article-title":"Practice-based research networks, part II: a descriptive analysis of the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network in the secondary school setting","volume":"47","author":"Valovich McLeod","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valovich McLeod\n TC,\n \n \n Lam\n KC,\n \n \n Bay\n RC,\n \n \n Sauers\n EL,\n \n \n Snyder Valier\n AR.\n \n \n Practice-based research networks, part II: a descriptive analysis of the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network in the secondary school setting. J Athl Train. 2012;47(5):557\u2013566. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-47.5.05"},{"key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b20","article-title":"US Census Bureau","author":"Census regions and divisions of the United States","unstructured":"Census regions and divisions of the United States\n . US Census Bureau. Accessed August 8, 2023. https:\/\/www2.census.gov\/geo\/pdfs\/maps-data\/maps\/reference\/us_regdiv.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b21","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"25","article-title":"Decreased physical activity and sleep, not sport specialization, predict illness in middle school athletes","volume":"13","author":"Watson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Watson\n A,\n \n \n Post\n E,\n \n \n Biese\n K,\n \n \n Kliethermes\n S,\n \n \n Brooks\n MA,\n \n \n Bell\n D.\n \n \n Decreased physical activity and sleep, not sport specialization, predict illness in middle school athletes. Sports Health. 2020;13(1):25\u201330. doi:10.1177\/1941738120927599"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b22","series-title":"Athl Train Sports Health Care","first-page":"173","article-title":"Patient, treatment, and cost characteristics associated with sport-related ankle sprains: a report from the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network","volume":"12","author":"Marshall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marshall\n AN,\n \n \n Kikugawa\n TM,\n \n \n Lam\n KC.\n \n \n Patient, treatment, and cost characteristics associated with sport-related ankle sprains: a report from the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network. Athl Train Sports Health Care. 2019;12(4):173\u2013180. doi:10.3928\/19425864-20190521-01"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b23","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"922","article-title":"Cost and treatment characteristics of sport-related knee injuries managed by athletic trainers: a report from the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network","volume":"56","author":"Lam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lam\n KC,\n \n \n Marshall\n AN,\n \n \n Welch Bacon\n CE,\n \n \n Valovich McLeod\n TC.\n \n \n Cost and treatment characteristics of sport-related knee injuries managed by athletic trainers: a report from the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network. J Athl Train. 2021;56(8):922\u2013929. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0061.20"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b24","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Methods and descriptive epidemiology of services provided by athletic trainers in high schools: the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network study","volume":"50","author":"Kerr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kerr\n ZY,\n \n \n Dompier\n TP,\n \n \n Dalton\n SL,\n \n \n Miller\n SJ,\n \n \n Hayden\n R,\n \n \n Marshall\n SW.\n \n \n Methods and descriptive epidemiology of services provided by athletic trainers in high schools: the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network study. J Athl Train. 2015;50(12):1310\u20131318. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-51.1.08"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b25","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"676","article-title":"Athletic training service characteristics for patients with ankle sprains sustained during high school athletics","volume":"54","author":"Simon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Simon\n JE,\n \n \n Wikstrom\n EA,\n \n \n Grooms\n DR,\n \n \n Docherty\n CL,\n \n \n Dompier\n TP,\n \n \n Kerr\n ZY.\n \n \n Athletic training service characteristics for patients with ankle sprains sustained during high school athletics. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):676\u2013683. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-449-16"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b26","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"956","article-title":"High school athletic trainer services for knee injuries","volume":"53","author":"Grooms","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grooms\n DR,\n \n \n Simon\n JE,\n \n \n Dalton\n SL,\n \n \n Dompier\n TP,\n \n \n Kerr\n ZY.\n \n \n High school athletic trainer services for knee injuries. J Athl Train. 2018;53(10):956\u2013964. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-48-17"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b27","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","first-page":"298","article-title":"Patient, injury, assessment, and treatment characteristics and return-to-play timelines after sport-related concussion: an investigation from the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network","volume":"29","author":"Valovich McLeod","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valovich McLeod\n TC,\n \n \n Kostishak\n N\n II,\n \n \n Anderson\n BE,\n \n \n Welch Bacon\n CE,\n \n \n Lam\n KC.\n \n \n Patient, injury, assessment, and treatment characteristics and return-to-play timelines after sport-related concussion: an investigation from the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network. Clin J Sport Med. 2019;29(4):298\u2013305. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000530"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b28","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"435","article-title":"Athletic training services during daily patient encounters: a report from the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network","volume":"51","author":"Lam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lam\n KC,\n \n \n Valier\n AR,\n \n \n Anderson\n BE,\n \n \n McLeod\n TC.\n \n \n Athletic training services during daily patient encounters: a report from the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network. J Athl Train. 2016;51(6):435\u2013441. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-51.8.03"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b29","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"841","article-title":"Medical conditions affecting sports participation","volume":"121","author":"Rice","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rice\n SG;\n \n American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness\n . Medical conditions affecting sports participation. Pediatrics. 2008;121(4):841\u2013848. doi:10.1542\/peds.2008-0080"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b30","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Collision and contact sport participation and quality of life among adolescent athletes","volume":"55","author":"Howell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Howell\n DR,\n \n \n Kirkwood\n MW,\n \n \n Laker\n S,\n \n \n Wilson\n JC.\n \n \n Collision and contact sport participation and quality of life among adolescent athletes. J Athl Train. 2020;55(11):1174\u20131180. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0536.19"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-59-6-649-b31","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"56","article-title":"Analysis of injury rates and treatment patterns for time-loss and non\u2013time-loss injuries among collegiate student-athletes","volume":"39","author":"Powell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Powell\n JW,\n \n \n Dompier\n TP.\n \n \n Analysis of injury rates and treatment patterns for time-loss and non\u2013time-loss injuries among collegiate student-athletes. J Athl Train. 2004;39(1):56\u201370."}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/59\/6\/article-p649.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/59\/6\/649\/3390684\/i1938-162x-59-6-649.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/59\/6\/article-p649.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/attr\/59\/6\/article-p649.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:42:45Z","timestamp":1749688965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/59\/6\/article-p649.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0359.23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-162X","1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-162X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}}}