{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T04:57:53Z","timestamp":1770785873403,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), individuals often demonstrate altered knee kinematics during walking. Understanding these changes across recovery time points is important for informing rehabilitation and return-to-sport decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the longitudinal changes in knee sagittal-plane kinematics before and after ACLR during varying walking speeds in nonlaboratory environments and to describe hip- and ankle-joint kinematics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational longitudinal study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 40 patients with ACLR (age = 23.9 \u00b1 5.9 years, height = 1.76 \u00b1 0.10 m, mass = 76.03 \u00b1 13.4 kg) and 17 healthy matched controls (age = 28.4 \u00b1 5.9 years, height = 1.70 \u00b1 0.10 m, mass = 68.3 \u00b1 15.4 kg) were recruited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knee-joint sagittal-plane kinematics were measured using 7 inertial measurement units preoperatively and 3 and 5 months postoperatively while participants walked at slow, normal, and fast speeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Preoperatively, compared with the contralateral knee, the injured knee exhibited greater minimum flexion during normal and fast walking (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 .008) and less knee flexion at the first peak during fast walking (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .006). Statistical parametric mapping indicated differences throughout the gait cycle at all speeds (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 .03). Compared with the control knee, the injured knee had greater minimum flexion during normal and slow walking (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 .03). At 3 months postoperatively, compared with the contralateral knee, the injured knee exhibited greater minimum flexion across all speeds (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 .005) and less knee flexion at the first peak during fast walking (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Statistical parametric mapping indicated differences throughout the gait cycle at all speeds (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 .03). Compared with the control knee, the injured knee remained more flexed at the minimum angle across all speeds (all,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and exhibited less knee flexion at the first peak during slow walking (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .03). At 5 months postoperatively, differences between limbs were reduced, with differences in minimum flexion at all speeds (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 .03). Statistical parametric mapping differences were limited to specific gait cycle portions during normal and fast walking (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 .01). Compared with the control knee, the injured knee remained more flexed at the minimum angle during slow and normal walking (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 .005). Lastly, hip adaptations resolved, and ankle asymmetries persisted during terminal stance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with ACLR demonstrated progressive improvements in knee sagittal-plane kinematics, indicating a recovery trend. However, the recovery was nonlinear across different walking speeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0423.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T04:56:42Z","timestamp":1748408202000},"page":"823-836","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Out-of-Laboratory Longitudinal Gait Assessment of Participants Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery: An Observational Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Tomer","family":"Yona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bezalel","family":"Peskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arielle G.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-60-12-823-b01","series-title":"Bone Joint J","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Prevalence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury remains high despite advances in surgical techniques","volume":"105-B","author":"Liukkonen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liukkonen R,\nVaajala M,\nMattila VM,\nReito A. 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Lower extremity joint moments throughout gait at two speeds more than 4 years after ACL reconstruction. Gait Posture. 2019;70:347\u2013354. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.02.025"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-60-12-823-b42","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","first-page":"179","article-title":"Foot and ankle compensation for anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during gait in children","volume":"106","author":"Ursei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ursei ME,\nAccadbled F,\nScandella M, et al. Foot and ankle compensation for anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during gait in children. 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J Orthop Res. 2022;40(1):219\u2013230. doi:10.1002\/jor.25117"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-12-823-b12","series-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)","first-page":"106059","article-title":"Walking speed differentially affects lower extremity biomechanics in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction compared to uninjured controls","volume":"108","author":"Garcia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garcia SA,\nKahan S,\nGallegos J,\nBalza I,\nKrishnan C,\nPalmieri-Smith RM. Walking speed differentially affects lower extremity biomechanics in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction compared to uninjured controls. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2023;108:106059. doi:10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2023.106059"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-12-823-b13","series-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol","first-page":"930722","article-title":"ACLD patients exhibit additional knee kinematic asymmetries at the speed level of healthy subjects","volume":"10","author":"Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong L,\nYang T,\nWang Q, et al. ACLD patients exhibit additional knee kinematic asymmetries at the speed level of healthy subjects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:930722. doi:10.3389\/fbioe.2022.930722"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-60-12-823-b14","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1340","article-title":"Long-term gait deviations in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed females","volume":"45","author":"Noehren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Noehren B,\nWilson H,\nMiller C,\nLattermann C. Long-term gait deviations in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed females. 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Multivariable model for gait pattern differentiation in elderly patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis: a wearable sensor approach. Heliyon. 2024;10(17):e36825. doi:10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36825"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1938-162X-60-12-823-b39","series-title":"Sensors (Basel)","first-page":"4578","article-title":"Association of the degree of varus thrust during gait assessed by an inertial measurement unit with patient-reported outcome measures in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Misu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Misu S,\nTanaka S,\nMiura J,\nIshihara K,\nAsai T,\nNishigami T. Association of the degree of varus thrust during gait assessed by an inertial measurement unit with patient-reported outcome measures in knee osteoarthritis. 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