{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:46:30Z","timestamp":1792003590001,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with weakness and atrophy of the intrinsic foot muscle. Short-foot exercise (SFE) selectively activates the intrinsic foot muscle and has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention. However, evidence supporting its effectiveness in individuals with CAI remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effects of a 4-week SFE program on static and dynamic postural control and subjective ankle instability in individuals with CAI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We randomly allocated 24 participants with CAI to intervention (n = 12; age = 19.4 \u00b1 0.9 years, height = 167.4 \u00b1 8.6 cm, mass = 61.4 \u00b1 8.6 kg) and control (n = 12; age = 19.5 \u00b1 1.1 years, height = 165.9 \u00b1 8.0 cm, mass = 61.7 \u00b1 8.8 kg) groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention group performed the SFE program 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The control group continued usual daily routines without additional training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed static and dynamic postural control and subjective ankle instability using center-of-pressure measurements during single-legged stance, the Star Excursion Balance Test, and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, respectively, preintervention and postintervention. The data were analyzed using a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (group \u00d7 time) with an \u03b1 level of .05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The intervention group showed improvements in static postural control and subjective ankle instability compared with the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). We found no differences in dynamic postural control (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicated that the 4-week SFE program effectively enhances static postural control and subjective ankle instability in individuals with CAI, supporting its integration into rehabilitation programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0433.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:52:00Z","timestamp":1770771120000},"page":"272-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short-Foot Exercises Improve Postural Control and Ankle Instability in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Mikuto","family":"Katsuya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazushi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syunichi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiyo","family":"Yunosawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b01","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"2279","article-title":"The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States","volume":"92","author":"Waterman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waterman BR,\nOwens BD,\nDavey S,\nZacchilli MA,\nBelmont PJ II. The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(13):2279\u20132284. doi:10.2106\/JBJS.I.01537"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b02","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"572","article-title":"An updated model of chronic ankle instability","volume":"54","author":"Hertel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hertel J,\nCorbett RO. An updated model of chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):572\u2013588. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-344-18"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b03","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Res","first-page":"41","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic ankle instability with perceived ankle instability\u2014a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin CI,\nHoutenbos S,\nLu YH,\nMayer F,\nWippert PM. The epidemiology of chronic ankle instability with perceived ankle instability\u2014a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2021;14(1):41. doi:10.1186\/s13047-021-00480-w"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b04","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"611","article-title":"Risk factors for lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability","volume":"54","author":"Delahunt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delahunt E,\nRemus A. Risk factors for lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):611\u2013616. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-44-18"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b05","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"189","article-title":"Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews","volume":"48","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson C,\nSchabrun S,\nRomero R,\nBialocerkowski A,\nvan Dieen J,\nMarshall P. Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews. Sports Med. 2018;48(1):189\u2013205. doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0781-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b06","series-title":"Gait Posture","first-page":"82","article-title":"Postural control differs between those with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"32","author":"Wikstrom","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wikstrom EA,\nFournier KA,\nMcKeon PO. Postural control differs between those with and without chronic ankle instability. Gait Posture. 2010;32(1):82\u201386. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.03.015"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b07","series-title":"Gait Posture","first-page":"52","article-title":"Foot muscle morphology is related to center of pressure sway and control mechanisms during single-leg standing","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang X,\nSch\u00fctte KH,\nVanwanseele B. Foot muscle morphology is related to center of pressure sway and control mechanisms during single-leg standing. Gait Posture. 2017;57:52\u201356. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.05.027"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b08","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"290","article-title":"The foot core system: a new paradigm for understanding intrinsic foot muscle function","volume":"49","author":"McKeon","year":"2015","unstructured":"McKeon PO,\nHertel J,\nBramble D,\nDavis I. The foot core system: a new paradigm for understanding intrinsic foot muscle function. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(5):290. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092690"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b09","series-title":"J Neurophysiol","first-page":"74","article-title":"Firing properties of muscle spindles supplying the intrinsic foot muscles of humans in unloaded and freestanding conditions","volume":"121","author":"Knellwolf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knellwolf TP,\nBurton AR,\nHammam E,\nMacefield VG. Firing properties of muscle spindles supplying the intrinsic foot muscles of humans in unloaded and freestanding conditions. J Neurophysiol. 2019;121(1):74\u201384. doi:10.1152\/jn.00539.2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b10","series-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)","first-page":"46","article-title":"Recruitment of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles with increasing postural demand","volume":"27","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelly LA,\nKuitunen S,\nRacinais S,\nCresswell AG. Recruitment of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles with increasing postural demand. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2012;27(1):46\u201351. doi:10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.07.013"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b11","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"1008","article-title":"Ultrasound measures of intrinsic foot muscle size and motor activation following lateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability","volume":"30","author":"Fraser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fraser JJ,\nKoldenhoven R,\nHertel J. Ultrasound measures of intrinsic foot muscle size and motor activation following lateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability. J Sport Rehabil. 2021;30(7):1008\u20131018. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2020-0372"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b12","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0325028","article-title":"Comparison of intrinsic foot muscle function in patients with different lower extremity conditions","volume":"20","author":"Jaffri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jaffri A,\nPark J,\nHart J,\nHertel J,\nSaliba S. Comparison of intrinsic foot muscle function in patients with different lower extremity conditions. PLoS One. 2025;20(8):e0325028. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0325028"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b13","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"941","article-title":"Evidence for intrinsic foot muscle training in improving foot function: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Jaffri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jaffri AH,\nKoldenhoven R,\nSaliba S,\nHertel J. Evidence for intrinsic foot muscle training in improving foot function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Athl Train. 2023;58(11\u201312):941\u2013951. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0162.22"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b14","series-title":"Med Sci Monit","first-page":"618","article-title":"Short-foot exercise promotes quantitative somatosensory function in ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee E,\nCho J,\nLee S. Short-foot exercise promotes quantitative somatosensory function in ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:618\u2013626. doi:10.12659\/MSM.912785"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b15","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"644","article-title":"Intrinsic foot muscle activation during specific exercises: a T2 time magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"51","author":"Gooding","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gooding TM,\nFeger MA,\nHart JM,\nHertel J. Intrinsic foot muscle activation during specific exercises: a T2 time magnetic resonance imaging study. J Athl Train. 2016;51(8):644\u2013650. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-51.10.07"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b16","series-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med","first-page":"e000685","article-title":"Systematic review of motor control and somatosensation assessment tests for the ankle","volume":"6","author":"Bertrand-Charette","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bertrand-Charette M,\nDambreville C,\nBouyer LJ,\nRoy JS. Systematic review of motor control and somatosensation assessment tests for the ankle. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2020;6(1):e000685. doi:10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000685"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b17","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"327","article-title":"Differences in static-and dynamic-balance task performance after 4 weeks of intrinsic-foot-muscle training: the short-foot exercise versus the towel-curl exercise","volume":"21","author":"Lynn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lynn SK,\nPadilla RA,\nTsang KK. Differences in static-and dynamic-balance task performance after 4 weeks of intrinsic-foot-muscle training: the short-foot exercise versus the towel-curl exercise. J Sport Rehabil. 2012;21(4):327\u2013333. doi:10.1123\/jsr.21.4.327"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b18","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"121","article-title":"Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium","volume":"49","author":"Gribble","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gribble PA,\nDelahunt E,\nBleakley CM, et al. Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium. J Athl Train. 2014;49(1):121\u2013127. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.14"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b19","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"b2684","article-title":"Effect of unsupervised home based proprioceptive training on recurrences of ankle sprain: randomised controlled trial","volume":"339","author":"Hupperets","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hupperets MD,\nVerhagen EA,\nvan Mechelen W. Effect of unsupervised home based proprioceptive training on recurrences of ankle sprain: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2009;339:b2684. doi:10.1136\/bmj.b2684"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b20","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"339","article-title":"Using the Star Excursion Balance Test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: a literature and systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Gribble","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gribble PA,\nHertel J,\nPlisky P. Using the Star Excursion Balance Test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: a literature and systematic review. J Athl Train. 2012;47(3):339\u2013357. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-47.3.08"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b21","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1235","article-title":"The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool: a report of validity and reliability testing","volume":"87","author":"Hiller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hiller CE,\nRefshauge KM,\nBundy AC,\nHerbert RD,\nKilbreath SL. The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool: a report of validity and reliability testing. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(9):1235\u20131241. doi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.05.022"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b22","series-title":"Phys Ther Rehabil Sci","first-page":"78","article-title":"The effect of intrinsic foot muscle training on medial longitudinal arch and ankle stability in patients with chronic ankle sprain accompanied by foot pronation","volume":"5","author":"Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung KA,\nLee E,\nLee S. The effect of intrinsic foot muscle training on medial longitudinal arch and ankle stability in patients with chronic ankle sprain accompanied by foot pronation. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci. 2016;5(2):78\u201383. doi:10.14474\/ptrs.2016.5.2.78"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b23","series-title":"J Prev Med Public Health","first-page":"250","article-title":"Effects of the short foot exercise with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on navicular height in flexible flatfoot in Thailand: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Namsawang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Namsawang J,\nEungpinichpong W,\nVichiansiri R,\nRattanathongkom S. Effects of the short foot exercise with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on navicular height in flexible flatfoot in Thailand: a randomized controlled trial. J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(4):250\u2013257. doi:10.3961\/JPMPH.19.072"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b24","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"682","article-title":"Hip and trunk muscle activity during the Star Excursion Balance Test in healthy adults","volume":"28","author":"Bhanot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhanot K,\nKaur N,\nBrody LT,\nBridges J,\nBerry DC,\nOde JJ. Hip and trunk muscle activity during the Star Excursion Balance Test in healthy adults. J Sport Rehabil. 2019;28(7):682\u2013691. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2017-0145"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b25","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"992","article-title":"Hip strength and Star Excursion Balance Test deficits of patients with chronic ankle instability","volume":"20","author":"McCann","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCann RS,\nCrossett ID,\nTerada M,\nKosik KB,\nBolding BA,\nGribble PA. Hip strength and Star Excursion Balance Test deficits of patients with chronic ankle instability. J Sci Med Sport. 2017;20(11):992\u2013996. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.05.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b26","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"970","article-title":"Correlations of strength, proprioception, and dynamic balance to the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool Score among patients with chronic ankle instability: a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng D,\nTang H,\nMao M, et al. Correlations of strength, proprioception, and dynamic balance to the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool Score among patients with chronic ankle instability: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25(1):970. doi:10.1186\/s12891-024-08092-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b27","series-title":"Can deficits be detected with instrumented testing? J Athl Train","first-page":"293","article-title":"Systematic review of postural control and lateral ankle instability: part I","volume":"43","author":"McKeon","year":"2008","unstructured":"McKeon PO,\nHertel J. Systematic review of postural control and lateral ankle instability: part I. Can deficits be detected with instrumented testing? J Athl Train. 2008;43(3):293\u2013304. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-43.3.293"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b28","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"758","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic ankle instability","volume":"49","author":"Houston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Houston MN,\nVan Lunen BL,\nHoch MC. Health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2014;49(6):758\u2013763. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.54"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b29","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Res","first-page":"67","article-title":"Quality of life, function and disability in individuals with chronic ankle symptoms: a cross-sectional online survey","volume":"13","author":"AI Mahrouqi","year":"2020","unstructured":"AI Mahrouqi MM,\nMacDonald DA,\nVicenzino B,\nSmith MD. Quality of life, function and disability in individuals with chronic ankle symptoms: a cross-sectional online survey. J Foot Ankle Res. 2020;13(1):67. doi:10.1186\/s13047-020-00432-w"},{"issue":"13","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b01","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"2279","article-title":"The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States","volume":"92","author":"Waterman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waterman BR,\nOwens BD,\nDavey S,\nZacchilli MA,\nBelmont PJ II. The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(13):2279\u20132284. doi:10.2106\/JBJS.I.01537"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b02","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"572","article-title":"An updated model of chronic ankle instability","volume":"54","author":"Hertel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hertel J,\nCorbett RO. An updated model of chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):572\u2013588. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-344-18"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b03","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Res","first-page":"41","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic ankle instability with perceived ankle instability\u2014a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin CI,\nHoutenbos S,\nLu YH,\nMayer F,\nWippert PM. The epidemiology of chronic ankle instability with perceived ankle instability\u2014a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2021;14(1):41. doi:10.1186\/s13047-021-00480-w"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b04","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"611","article-title":"Risk factors for lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability","volume":"54","author":"Delahunt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delahunt E,\nRemus A. Risk factors for lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):611\u2013616. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-44-18"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b05","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"189","article-title":"Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews","volume":"48","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson C,\nSchabrun S,\nRomero R,\nBialocerkowski A,\nvan Dieen J,\nMarshall P. Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews. Sports Med. 2018;48(1):189\u2013205. doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0781-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b06","series-title":"Gait Posture","first-page":"82","article-title":"Postural control differs between those with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"32","author":"Wikstrom","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wikstrom EA,\nFournier KA,\nMcKeon PO. Postural control differs between those with and without chronic ankle instability. Gait Posture. 2010;32(1):82\u201386. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.03.015"},{"key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b07","series-title":"Gait Posture","first-page":"52","article-title":"Foot muscle morphology is related to center of pressure sway and control mechanisms during single-leg standing","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang X,\nSch\u00fctte KH,\nVanwanseele B. Foot muscle morphology is related to center of pressure sway and control mechanisms during single-leg standing. Gait Posture. 2017;57:52\u201356. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.05.027"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b08","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"290","article-title":"The foot core system: a new paradigm for understanding intrinsic foot muscle function","volume":"49","author":"McKeon","year":"2015","unstructured":"McKeon PO,\nHertel J,\nBramble D,\nDavis I. The foot core system: a new paradigm for understanding intrinsic foot muscle function. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(5):290. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092690"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b09","series-title":"J Neurophysiol","first-page":"74","article-title":"Firing properties of muscle spindles supplying the intrinsic foot muscles of humans in unloaded and freestanding conditions","volume":"121","author":"Knellwolf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knellwolf TP,\nBurton AR,\nHammam E,\nMacefield VG. Firing properties of muscle spindles supplying the intrinsic foot muscles of humans in unloaded and freestanding conditions. J Neurophysiol. 2019;121(1):74\u201384. doi:10.1152\/jn.00539.2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b10","series-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)","first-page":"46","article-title":"Recruitment of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles with increasing postural demand","volume":"27","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelly LA,\nKuitunen S,\nRacinais S,\nCresswell AG. Recruitment of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles with increasing postural demand. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2012;27(1):46\u201351. doi:10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.07.013"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b11","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"1008","article-title":"Ultrasound measures of intrinsic foot muscle size and motor activation following lateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability","volume":"30","author":"Fraser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fraser JJ,\nKoldenhoven R,\nHertel J. Ultrasound measures of intrinsic foot muscle size and motor activation following lateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability. J Sport Rehabil. 2021;30(7):1008\u20131018. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2020-0372"},{"issue":"8","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b12","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0325028","article-title":"Comparison of intrinsic foot muscle function in patients with different lower extremity conditions","volume":"20","author":"Jaffri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jaffri A,\nPark J,\nHart J,\nHertel J,\nSaliba S. Comparison of intrinsic foot muscle function in patients with different lower extremity conditions. PLoS One. 2025;20(8):e0325028. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0325028"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b13","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"941","article-title":"Evidence for intrinsic foot muscle training in improving foot function: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Jaffri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jaffri AH,\nKoldenhoven R,\nSaliba S,\nHertel J. Evidence for intrinsic foot muscle training in improving foot function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(4):250\u2013257. doi:10.3961\/JPMPH.19.072"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b24","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"682","article-title":"Hip and trunk muscle activity during the Star Excursion Balance Test in healthy adults","volume":"28","author":"Bhanot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhanot K,\nKaur N,\nBrody LT,\nBridges J,\nBerry DC,\nOde JJ. Hip and trunk muscle activity during the Star Excursion Balance Test in healthy adults. J Sport Rehabil. 2019;28(7):682\u2013691. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2017-0145"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-61-4-272-b25","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"992","article-title":"Hip strength and Star Excursion Balance Test deficits of patients with chronic ankle instability","volume":"20","author":"McCann","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCann RS,\nCrossett ID,\nTerada M,\nKosik KB,\nBolding BA,\nGribble PA. 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