{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T18:43:02Z","timestamp":1772736182690,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The training stress of heat acclimatization optimizing exercise performance in a hot environment can be demanding.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study evaluated the efficiency of different single heating protocols to elevate core temperature.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nonrandomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ten male participants (age = 25 \u00b1 3 years) performed 4 different 60-minute heating strategies at least 1 week apart.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty minutes passive heating (PAS), 30 minutes active heating using a high-intensity bike protocol (HIBP) in a hot environment with 30 minutes passive heating (EH-PAS), 60 minutes HIBP in a hot environment (EH), or 60 minutes HIBP at room temperature (EM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Body core temperature and heart rate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The highest peak gastrointestinal temperature occurred in EH-PAS (39.1 \u00b1 0.4\u00b0C), followed by EH (38.9 \u00b1 0.3\u00b0C), EM (38.4 \u00b1 0.3\u00b0C), and PAS (38.1 \u00b1 0.5\u00b0C). The average heart rate, measured as a control for intensity, was not different between exercise strategies (EH-PAS = 142 \u00b1 12.3 beats per minute [bpm], EH = 146 \u00b1 9.7 bpm, and EM = 142 \u00b1 13.3 bpm; P &amp;gt; .05), but was different for PAS (98 \u00b1 15.2 bpm; P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adding passive heating to a shorter exercise protocol can be just as effective in keeping core temperature elevated as exercise in the heat alone during a 60-minute session. Therefore, a single-bout combination of exercise and passive heating may result in a similar body temperature induction compared with exercise heat stress alone.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0448.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T09:10:31Z","timestamp":1729069831000},"page":"372-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combined Active and Passive Isothermic Heating Leads to Similar Core Temperature Compared With Exercise Alone"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Floris C.","family":"Wardenaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"* College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"* College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"* College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaila A.","family":"Vento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"* College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavros A.","family":"Kavouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"* College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Vanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020 College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052719513833300_i1938-162X-60-5-372-b01","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology, Section 4: Environmental Physiology","author":"Sawka","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025052719513833300_i1938-162X-60-5-372-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2019.1664370","article-title":"Heat acclimation attenuates the increased sensations of fatigue reported during acute exercise-heat stress","volume":"7","author":"Willmott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Temperature (Austin)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052719513833300_i1938-162X-60-5-372-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00645.x","article-title":"Cerebral vascular control and metabolism in heat stress","volume":"5","author":"Bain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025052719513833300_i1938-162X-60-5-372-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00554.x","article-title":"Performance in the heat\u2014physiological factors of importance for hyperthermia-induced fatigue","volume":"4","author":"Nybo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052719513833300_i1938-162X-60-5-372-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1924.67.3.573","article-title":"The effects of exposure to high temperatures upon the circulation in man","volume":"67","author":"Adolph","year":"1924","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052719513833300_i1938-162X-60-5-372-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2016.06.002","article-title":"Effects of environmental temperature on physiological responses during submaximal and maximal exercises in soccer players","volume":"5","author":"No","year":"2016","journal-title":"Integr Med Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025052719513833300_i1938-162X-60-5-372-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4086","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114086","article-title":"Hiking time trial performance in the heat with real-time observation of heat strain, hydration status and fluid intake behavior","volume":"17","author":"Linsell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025052719513833300_i1938-162X-60-5-372-b08","unstructured":"Kucera\n              KL,\n            \n            \n              Cantu\n              RC.\n            \n          \n          Catastrophic Sports Injury Research: Thirty-Sixth Annual Report Fall 1982\u2013Spring 2018. 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