{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:25:40Z","timestamp":1777562740786,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Running-related injuries are common in distance runners. Strength training is used for performance enhancement and injury prevention. However, the association between maximal strength and distance-running biomechanics is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the relationship between maximal knee- and hip-extensor strength and running biomechanics previously associated with injury risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Research laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 36 collegiate distance runners (26 men, 10 women; age = 20.0 \u00b1 1.5 years, height = 1.74 \u00b1 0.09 m, mass = 61.97 \u00b1 8.26 kg).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Strength was assessed using the 1-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat and maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the knee extensors and hip extensors. Three-dimensional running biomechanics were assessed overground at a self-selected speed. Running variables were the peak instantaneous vertical loading rate; peak forward trunk-lean angle; knee-flexion, internal-rotation, and -abduction angles and internal moments; and hip-extension, internal-rotation, and -adduction angles and internal moments. Separate stepwise linear regression models were used to examine the associations between strength and biomechanical outcomes (\u0394R2) after accounting for sex, running speed, and foot-strike index.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Greater 1RM back-squat strength was associated with a larger peak knee-flexion angle (\u0394R2 = 0.110, \u0394P = .045) and smaller peak knee internal-rotation angle (\u0394R2 = 0.127, \u0394P = .03) and internal-rotation moment (\u0394R2 = 0.129, \u0394P = .03) after accounting for sex, speed, and foot-strike index. No associations were found between 1RM back-squat strength and vertical loading rate, trunk lean, or hip kinematics and kinetics. Hip- and knee-extensor maximal voluntary isometric contractions were also not associated with any biomechanical variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Greater 1RM back-squat strength was weakly associated with a larger peak knee-flexion angle and smaller knee internal-rotation angle and moment in collegiate distance runners. Runners who are weaker in the back-squat exercise may exhibit running biomechanics associated with the development of knee-related injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0532.19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T17:52:58Z","timestamp":1605549178000},"page":"1262-1269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association Between Knee- and Hip-Extensor Strength and Running-Related Injury Biomechanics in Collegiate Distance Runners"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Moffit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Bakersfield"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Lockie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek N.","family":"Pamukoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020121418382471300_i1062-6050-55-12-1262-b01","unstructured":"NCAA sports sponsorship and participation rates database.\n\t\t\t\t\tNational Collegiate Athletic Association Web site.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/about\/resources\/research\/ncaa-sports-sponsorship-and-participation-rates-database. Published November 2019. 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10.2519\/jospt.2010.3028","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3028"},{"key":"2020121418382471300_i1062-6050-55-12-1262-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terry\n              GC,\n            \n            \n              Hughston\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              Norwood\n              LA.\n            \n          \n          The anatomy of the iliopatellar band and iliotibial tract.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t14(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t39\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t45.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1177\/036354658601400108","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400108"},{"key":"2020121418382471300_i1062-6050-55-12-1262-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choe\n              KH,\n            \n            \n              Coburn\n              JW,\n            \n            \n              Costa\n              PB,\n            \n            \n              Pamukoff\n              DN.\n            \n          \n          Hip and knee kinetics during a back squat and deadlift.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Strength Cond Res.Published online October 17,2018.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002908.","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002908"},{"key":"2020121418382471300_i1062-6050-55-12-1262-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esculier\n              JF,\n            \n            \n              Roy\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              Bouyer\n              LJ.\n            \n          \n          Lower limb control and strength in runners with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tGait Posture.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t813\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t819.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.02.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.02.020"},{"key":"2020121418382471300_i1062-6050-55-12-1262-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brund\n              RBK,\n            \n            \n              Rasmussen\n              S,\n            \n            \n              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      \n          The effect of strength training on performance indicators in distance runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Strength Cond Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t31(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t9\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t23.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001464","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001464"},{"key":"2020121418382471300_i1062-6050-55-12-1262-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Louw\n              Q,\n            \n            \n              Cockcroft\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Tawa\n              N.\n            \n          \n          Three-dimensional kinematics of the thorax during over-ground running.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bodyw Mov Ther.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t22(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t300\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t307.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.08.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.08.003"},{"key":"2020121418382471300_i1062-6050-55-12-1262-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teng\n              HL,\n            \n            \n              Powers\n              CM.\n            \n          \n          Sagittal plane trunk posture influences patellofemoral joint stress during running.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthop Sports Phys Ther.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t44(10):\n\t\t\t\t\t785\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t792.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.2519\/jospt.2014.5249","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.5249"},{"key":"2020121418382471300_i1062-6050-55-12-1262-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lum\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Barbosa\n              TM.\n            \n          \n          Effects of strength training on Olympic time-based sport performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Sports Physiol Perform.\n\t\t\t\t\tOctober2019:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t13.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0329","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0329"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic 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