{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T20:32:25Z","timestamp":1770064345337,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sport specialization may contribute to sport injury and menstrual dysfunction in female high school distance runners. Despite the recent growth in sport specialization, including among high school\u2013aged runners, the association of sport specialization with bone mineral density (BMD) remains poorly described.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate whether sport specialization was associated with BMD in female high school distance runners.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Six high schools.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty-four female runners (age = 15.6 \u00b1 1.4 years) who competed in cross-country or track distance events and were not currently on birth control medication.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Each runner completed a survey on menstrual history and sport participation. Height and weight were measured, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body, spine, and hip BMD. Each runner was assigned a sport specialization status: low (participation in \u22651 nonrunning sport and distance-running sport(s) for \u22648 mo\/y); moderate (participation in both distance-running sport(s) \u22659 mo\/y and \u22651 nonrunning sport(s) or limited to distance-running sport(s) for \u22648 mo\/y); or high (participation only in distance-running sport(s) for \u22659 mo\/y). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for sport specialization to BMD values, adjusting for body mass index and gynecological age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 21.9%, 37.5%, and 40.6% of participants were high, moderate, or low sport specializers, respectively. Low BMD (spine or whole-body BMD z score &amp;lt; \u22121.0 [standardized by age and sex normative values]) was present in 23 (35.9%) runners. Compared with low sport specializers, high sport specializers were 5 times more likely (adjusted odds ratio = 5.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 23.3; P = .02) to have low BMD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A high level of sport specialization in high school female distance runners may be associated with a heightened risk for low BMD. Further investigation of this association is warranted due to the health concerns about low BMD in adolescent female runners.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0547.19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:20:49Z","timestamp":1605140449000},"page":"1239-1246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sport Specialization and Low Bone Mineral Density in Female High School Distance Runners"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Mitchell J.","family":"Rauh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, San Diego State University, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Tenforde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle T.","family":"Barrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, San Diego State University, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne F.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b01","unstructured":"2018\u201319 High School Athletics Participation Survey.\n\t\t\t\t\tNational Federation of State High School Associations Web site.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/www.nfhs.org\/media\/1020412\/2018-19_participation_survey.pdf. Accessed October 2019."},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierpoint\n              LA,\n            \n            \n              Williams\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Fields\n              SK,\n            \n            \n              Comstock\n              RD.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology of injuries in United States high school track and field: 2008\u20132009 through 2013\u20132014.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t44(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1463\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1468.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1177\/0363546516629950","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516629950"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Margherita\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              Rice\n              SG,\n            \n            \n              Koepsell\n              TD,\n            \n            \n              Rivara\n              FP.\n            \n          \n          High school cross country running injuries: a longitudinal study.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin J Sport Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t10(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t110\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t116.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1097\/00042752-200004000-00005","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200004000-00005"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Koepsell\n              TD,\n            \n            \n              Rivara\n              FP,\n            \n            \n              Margherita\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              Rice\n              SG.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among high school cross-country runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Epidemiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t163(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t151\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t159.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1093\/aje\/kwj022","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj022"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Changstrom\n              BG,\n            \n            \n              Brou\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Khodaee\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Braund\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Comstock\n              RD.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology of stress fracture injuries among US high school athletes, 2005\u20132006 through 2012\u20132013.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t26\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t33.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1177\/0363546514562739","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514562739"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Nichols\n              JF.\n            \n          \n          Prevalence of and traits associated with low BMD among female adolescent runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Sci Sports Exerc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t40(12):\n\t\t\t\t\t2015\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2021.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181822ea0","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181822ea0"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenforde\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Fredericson\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Sayres\n              LC,\n            \n            \n              Cutti\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Sainani\n              KL.\n            \n          \n          Identifying sex-specific risk factors for low bone mineral density in adolescent runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1494\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1504.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1177\/0363546515572142","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515572142"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nattiv\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Loucks\n              AB,\n            \n            \n              Manore\n              MM,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Sci Sports Exerc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(10):\n\t\t\t\t\t1867\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1882.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1249\/mss.0b013e318149f111","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318149f111"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelsey\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Bachrach\n              LK,\n            \n            \n              Procter-Gray\n              E,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Risk factors for stress fracture among young female cross-country runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Sci Sports Exerc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(9):\n\t\t\t\t\t1457\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1463.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1249\/mss.0b013e318074e54b","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318074e54b"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Gibbs\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              De Souza\n              MJ,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Higher incidence of bone stress injuries with increasing female athlete triad risk factors: a prospective multisite study of exercising girls and women.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t42(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t949\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t958.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1177\/0363546513520295","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513520295"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b11","unstructured":"Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Barrack\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Nichols\n              JF.\n            \n          \n          Associations between the female athlete triad and injury among high school runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Sports Phys Ther.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t9(7):\n\t\t\t\t\t948\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t958."},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Nattiv\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Joy\n              E,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          2014 Female Athlete Triad Coalition consensus statement on treatment and return to play of the female athlete triad: 1st International Conference held in San Francisco, CA, May 2012, and 2nd International Conference held in Indianapolis, IN, May 2013.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin J Sport Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t24(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t96\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t119.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000085","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000085"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayanthi\n              NA,\n            \n            \n              LaBella\n              CR,\n            \n            \n              Fischer\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Pasulka\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Dugas\n              LR.\n            \n          \n          Sports-specialized intensive training and the risk of injury in young athletes: a clinical case-control study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t794\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t801.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1177\/0363546514567298","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514567298"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell\n              DR,\n            \n            \n              Post\n              EG,\n            \n            \n              Trigsted\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Hetzel\n              S,\n            \n            \n              McGuine\n              TA,\n            \n            \n              Brooks\n              MA.\n            \n          \n          Prevalence of sport specialization in high school athletics: a 1-year observational study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t44(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1469\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1474.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1177\/0363546516629943","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516629943"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DiFiori\n              JP,\n            \n            \n              Benjamin\n              HJ,\n            \n            \n              Brenner\n              JS,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t48(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t287\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t288.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093299","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093299"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenforde\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Carlson\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Chang\n              A,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Association of the female athlete triad risk assessment stratification to the development of bone stress injuries in collegiate athletes.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t45(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t302\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t310.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1177\/0363546516676262","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516676262"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Nichols\n              JF.\n            \n          \n          Cross-sectional evidence of suppressed bone mineral accrual among female adolescent runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Miner Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t25(8):\n\t\t\t\t\t1850\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1857.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1002\/jbmr.63","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.63"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Van Loan\n              MD,\n            \n            \n              Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Nichols\n              JF.\n            \n          \n          Physiologic and behavioral indicators of an energy deficiency in female adolescent runners with elevated bone turnover.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Clin Nutr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t92(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t652\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t659.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28926","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28926"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Barkai\n              HS,\n            \n            \n              Nichols\n              JF.\n            \n          \n          Dietary restraint and low bone mass in female adolescent endurance runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Clin Nutr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t87(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t36\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t43.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.1.36"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nichols\n              JF,\n            \n            \n              Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Barkai\n              HS.\n            \n          \n          Bone mineral density in female high school athletes: interactions and type of mechanical loading.\n\t\t\t\t\tBone.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t371\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t377.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/j.bone.2007.05.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.05.003"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dueck\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Manore\n              MM,\n            \n            \n              Matt\n              KS.\n            \n          \n          Role of energy balance in athletic menstrual dysfunction.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Sport Nutr.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t6(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t165\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t190.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1123\/ijsn.6.2.165","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsn.6.2.165"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loucks\n              AB.\n            \n          \n          Low energy availability in the marathon and other endurance sports.\n\t\t\t\t\tSports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t37(4\u20135):\n\t\t\t\t\t348\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t352.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00019","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00019"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Tenforde\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Rosenthal\n              MD,\n            \n            \n              Nichols\n              JF.\n            \n          \n          Associations between sport specialization, running-related injury, and menstrual dysfunction among high school distance runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tAthl Train Sports Health Care.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t10(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t260\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t269.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.3928\/19425864-20180918-01","DOI":"10.3928\/19425864-20180918-01"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nichols\n              JF,\n            \n            \n              Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Lawson\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Ji\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Barkai\n              HS.\n            \n          \n          Prevalence of the female athlete triad syndrome among high school athletes.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Pediatr Adolesc Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t160(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t137\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t142.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1001\/archpedi.160.2.137","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.2.137"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Nichols\n              JF,\n            \n            \n              Barrack\n              MT.\n            \n          \n          Relationships among injury and disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density in high school athletes: a prospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Athl Train.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t45(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t243\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t252.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.4085\/1062-6050-45.3.243","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.3.243"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b26","unstructured":"Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Macera\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Marshall\n              SW.\n            \n          \n          Applied sports injury epidemiology.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:MageeDJ,ManskeRC,ZachazewskiJE,QuillenWS,eds.Athletic and Sports Issues in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.\n\t\t\t\t\tSt. Louis, MO:\n\t\t\t\t\tElsevier Saunders;2011:\n\t\t\t\t\t730\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t772."},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenforde\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Fredricson\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Influence of sports participation on bone health: a review of the literature.\n\t\t\t\t\tPM R.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t3(9):\n\t\t\t\t\t861\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t867.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.05.019"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibbs\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              Nattiv\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Low bone density risk is higher in exercising women with multiple triad risk factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Sci Sports Exerc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t46(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t167\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t176.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182a03b8b","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182a03b8b"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beals\n              KA,\n            \n            \n              Hill\n              AK.\n            \n          \n          The prevalence of disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density among US collegiate athletes.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t16(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t23.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1123\/ijsnem.16.1.1","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.16.1.1"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nichols\n              JF,\n            \n            \n              Rauh\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Barkai\n              HS,\n            \n            \n              Pernick\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Disordered eating and menstrual irregularity in high school athletes in lean-build and nonlean-build sports.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t17(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t364\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t377.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1123\/ijsnem.17.4.364","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.17.4.364"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenforde\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Carlson\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Sainani\n              KL,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Sport and triad risk factors influence bone mineral density in collegiate athletes.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Sci Sports Exerc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(12):\n\t\t\t\t\t2536\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2543.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001711","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001711"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenforde\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Nattiv\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Fredericson\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Parallels with the Female Athlete Triad in male athletes.\n\t\t\t\t\tSports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t46(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t171\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t182.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1007\/s40279-015-0411-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0411-y"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Fredericson\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Tenforde\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Nattiv\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Evidence of a cumulative effect for risk factors predicting low bone mass among male adolescent athletes.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t200\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t205.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096698","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096698"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenforde\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Nattiv\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ackerman\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Barrack\n              MT,\n            \n            \n              Fredericson\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Optimising bone health in the young male athlete.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t148\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t149.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097000","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097000"},{"key":"2020121418382327100_i1062-6050-55-12-1239-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenforde\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Sainani\n              KL,\n            \n            \n              Carter Sayres\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Milgrom\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Fredericson\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Participation in ball sports may represent a prehabilitation strategy to prevent future stress fractures and promote bone health in young athletes.\n\t\t\t\t\tPM R.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t222\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t225.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi: 10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.09.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.09.017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/55\/12\/1239\/2681358\/i1062-6050-55-12-1239.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/55\/12\/1239\/2681358\/i1062-6050-55-12-1239.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:50:06Z","timestamp":1749667806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/55\/12\/article-p1239.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0547.19","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]}}}