{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:29:27Z","timestamp":1792196967883,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reaction time (RT) is a critical element of return to participation (RTP), and impairments have been linked to subsequent injury after a concussion. Current RT assessments have limitations in clinical feasibility and in the identification of subtle deficits after concussion symptom resolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the utility of RT measurements (clinical drop stick, simple stimulus-response, single-task Stroop, and dual-task Stroop) to differentiate between adolescents with concussion and uninjured control individuals at initial assessment and RTP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pediatric sports medicine center associated with a regional tertiary care hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven adolescents with a concussion (mean age = 14.8 \u00b1 2.1 years; 52% female; tested 7.0 \u00b1 3.3 days postconcussion) and 21 uninjured control individuals (mean age = 15.5 \u00b1 1.6 years; 48% female).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants completed the Post-Concussion Symptoms Inventory (PCSI) and a battery of RT tests: clinical drop stick, simple stimulus-response, single-task Stroop, and dual-task Stroop.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The concussion group demonstrated slower clinical drop stick (\u03b2 = 58.8; 95% CI = 29.2, 88.3; P &amp;lt; .001) and dual-task Stroop (\u03b2 = 464.2; 95% CI = 318.4, 610.0; P &amp;lt; .001) RT measures at the initial assessment than the uninjured control group. At 1-month follow up, the concussion group displayed slower clinical drop stick (238.9 \u00b1 25.9 versus 188.1 \u00b1 21.7 milliseconds; P &amp;lt; .001; d = 2.10), single-task Stroop (1527.8 \u00b1 204.5 versus 1319.8 \u00b1 133.5 milliseconds; P = .001; d = 1.20), and dual-task Stroop (1549.9 \u00b1 264.7 versus 1341.5 \u00b1 114.7 milliseconds; P = .002; d = 1.04) RT than the control group, respectively, while symptom severity was similar between groups (7.4 \u00b1 11.2 versus 5.3 \u00b1 6.5; P = .44; d = 0.24). Classification accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) values were highest for the clinical drop stick (85.1% accuracy, AUC = 0.86, P &amp;lt; .001) and dual-task Stroop (87.2% accuracy, AUC = 0.92, P &amp;lt; .002) RT variables at initial evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents recovering from concussion may have initial RT deficits that persist despite symptom recovery. The clinical drop stick and dual-task Stroop RT measures demonstrated high clinical utility given high classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to detect postconcussion RT deficits and may be considered for initial and RTP assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0566.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T16:19:58Z","timestamp":1674749998000},"page":"145-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Multifaceted Approach to Interpreting Reaction Time Deficits After Adolescent Concussion"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Barnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"* Sports Medicine Center, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Smulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"* Sports Medicine Center, Children\u2019s 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