{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T04:14:14Z","timestamp":1749701654401,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) should be used in athletic training and athletic therapy but are rarely incorporated in internships. Student-run clinics are common in other health professions and provide effective treatment and valuable learning environments. To our knowledge, no one has evaluated rehabilitation outcomes in patients treated by athletic therapy students (ATSs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To measure the improvement in function in injured patients seeking treatment at an ATS clinic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An ATS clinic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 59 patients (32 women, age = 33.9 \u00b1 14.7 years; 27 men, age = 38 \u00b1 14.4 years) from the community with a variety of low back, lower extremity, and upper extremity injuries participated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline and 6-week follow-up, all patients completed 1 of 3 scales (depending on their injury location) to assess their injured level of function. Scales were the Oswestry Disability Index for low back injuries; Lower Extremity Functional Scale for lower extremity injuries; and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand for upper extremity injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On average, patients received 4.7 \u00b1 1.8 treatments across 48.8 \u00b1 16.1 days. They experienced an increase in function between baseline and follow-up assessments (18.8% \u00b1 20.3%; P &amp;lt; .001, Cohen d = 1.06). Moreover, the amount of functional improvement was clinically meaningful, as it was greater than the minimal clinically important difference for each scale. The efficacy of treatments did not differ according to the internship experiences of the ATSs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Function improved in patients after treatment delivered by an ATS. Patient-reported outcome measures were useful for the students in monitoring patient improvement, but more research is needed regarding effective treatments for patients with chronic pain. Our results suggested that ATS clinics provide effective treatments for patients, service to the community, and a learning opportunity for students.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0589.20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T21:53:41Z","timestamp":1620770021000},"page":"360-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patient Outcomes After Treatment by Athletic Therapy Students"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rike Berger","family":"Lebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"DeMont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsey E.","family":"Eberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromechanics, Interventions, and Continuing Education Research (NICER) Laboratory, Indiana State University, Terre Haute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey C.","family":"Dover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lam\n              KC,\n            \n            \n              Harrington\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Cameron\n              KL,\n            \n            \n              Valier\n              ARS.\n            \n          \n          Use of patient-reported outcome measures in athletic training: common measures, selection considerations, and practical barriers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Athl Train.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t54(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t449\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t458.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.4085\/1062-6050-108-17","key":"2022041917474019500_i1938-162X-57-4-360-b01","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-108-17"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coulombe\n              BJ,\n            \n            \n              Games\n              KE,\n            \n            \n              Eberman\n              LE.\n            \n          \n          The use of patient-reported outcome measures: secondary school athletic trainers' perceptions, practices, and barriers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Athl Train.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t54(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t142\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t151.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.4085\/1062-6050-86-17","key":"2022041917474019500_i1938-162X-57-4-360-b02","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-86-17"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valier\n              AR,\n            \n            \n              Jennings\n              AL,\n            \n            \n              Parsons\n              JT,\n            \n            \n              Vela\n              LI.\n            \n          \n          Benefits of and barriers to using patient-rated outcome measures in athletic training.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Athl Train.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t49(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t674\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t683.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.15","key":"2022041917474019500_i1938-162X-57-4-360-b03","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.15"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valovich McLeod TC, Snyder AR, Parsons JT, Curtis Bay R, Michener LA, Sauers EL.\n\t\t\t\t\tUsing disablement models and clinical outcomes assessment to enable evidence-based athletic training practice, part II: clinical outcomes assessment.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Athl Train.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t437\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t445.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.4085\/1062-6050-43.4.437","key":"2022041917474019500_i1938-162X-57-4-360-b04","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.4.437"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deyo\n              RA.\n            \n          \n          Using outcomes to improve quality of research and quality of care.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Board Fam Pract.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t11(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t465\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t473.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.3122\/jabfm.11.6.465","key":"2022041917474019500_i1938-162X-57-4-360-b05","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.11.6.465"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resnik\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Jensen\n              GM.\n            \n          \n          Using clinical outcomes to explore the theory of expert practice in physical therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tPhys Ther.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t83(12):\n\t\t\t\t\t1090\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1106.","key":"2022041917474019500_i1938-162X-57-4-360-b06","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.12.1090"},{"unstructured":"Emerging settings: advanced knowledge and skills. 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