{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:26:17Z","timestamp":1780475177861,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep has been suggested to be a modifier of recovery after a concussion and is associated with greater symptomatology and the number of days until symptom resolution. However, the physiological mechanism for why sleep disturbances occur remains poorly understood. Alterations in time spent in the stages of a sleep cycle after a concussion may contribute to recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of our study was to use a noninvasive, sensor-derived measure of sleep stages to determine differences between collegiate athletes with or without a concussion, acutely after injury (&lt;72 hours).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Division I collegiate athletics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Division I collegiate athletes diagnosed with a concussion were compared with healthy-matched controls based on health history, demographics, and sport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals in both groups were provided with and instructed to wear an OURA ring actigraphy device nightly within 72 hours of their concussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in sensor-derived time spent in light, deep, and rapid eye-movement sleep, time awake, and total sleep time between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 18 athletes was included in our analyses (9 concussed, 9 controls) with an average age of 19.3 \u00b1 1.3 years. Individuals with a concussion spent less time in deep sleep (113.11 \u00b1 33.1 versus 134.44 \u00b1 51.1 minutes,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .03) and more time awake (90.22 \u00b1 30.0 versus 49.28 \u00b1 11.5 minutes,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02) than individuals without a concussion. No significant differences were found for total sleep time or time spent in light or rapid eye-movement sleep.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acutely after concussion, individuals may demonstrate changes in sleep stages. Our results suggest that time spent in different stages of sleep may be a potential mechanism underlying recovery from concussion. Our results provide an important step in using wearable sensors to better understand sleep disturbances after concussion to help mitigate risk of a prolonged recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0629.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T04:11:26Z","timestamp":1747109486000},"page":"707-712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute Changes in Sleep Stages After Concussion in Collegiate Athletes: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora"},{"name":"Sports Medicine Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Colorado, Aurora; Departments of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems and Information Engineering and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay N.","family":"Hertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob E.","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"i1938-162X-60-10-707-b01","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"1413","article-title":"The role of sleep deficiency in the trajectory of postconcussive symptoms in adolescents","volume":"33","author":"Tham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tham SW,\nAaron R,\nPalermo TM. 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