{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:32:17Z","timestamp":1773804737879,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine differences in running biomechanics in female endurance runners between days when they did and did not report menstrual cycle\u2013related symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Observational study. Participants were provided RunScribe sensors to attach to their shoes to collect biomechanical data when running. Daily during the study period, participants were sent a text message to complete a survey asking about their wellness, menstrual status, and training status. Descriptive measures (mean \u00b1 SD) were generated for whether runners reported being asymptomatic or symptomatic during runs and run work out details. Paired-samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests were executed to identify differences in impact force, braking force, pronation excursion, maximum pronation velocity, foot-strike type, and gait speed between runs on days participants reported having menstrual cycle\u2013related symptoms (symptomatic) or not (asymptomatic). Participants needed to have recorded runs spanning the entire data collection window to be included for comparative analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-seven university club runners (age = 20.5 \u00b1 1.5 years) participated in the study. All runners (N = 27) experienced at least 1 menstrual cycle\u2013related symptom during data collection. The average number of asymptomatic runs was 22.3 \u00b1 17.1, and the average number of symptomatic runs was 9.1 \u00b1 7.5. Daily distance ran averaged 6.9 \u00b1 3.1 km, and total distance ran was 248.2 \u00b1 185.7 km. Fourteen runners had run data viable for pairwise sampling. There was no significant difference in biomechanical measures between symptomatic and asymptomatic days (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study prospectively monitored distance runners\u2019 activity while simultaneously recording symptoms related to the menstrual cycle. Although runners reported fewer days running when symptomatic, we did not identify a difference in objective biomechanical measures between asymptomatic and symptomatic runs. Perceived symptom burden was present in this sport population and may warrant further exploration of perceived expectations of the menstrual cycle to athletic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0634.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T06:13:53Z","timestamp":1748499233000},"page":"783-790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gait Biomechanics Among Female Endurance Runners: Comparing Days With and Without Menstrual Cycle\u2013Related Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Dana","family":"Golden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Women\u2019s Soccer League, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, School of Education and Human Development, Department of Kinesiology, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Art","family":"Weltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, School of Education and Human Development, Department of Kinesiology, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siobhan","family":"Statuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Hertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, School of Education and Human Development, Department of Kinesiology, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 18","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b01","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"S880","article-title":"Abstract 3888: Exercise-induced increase in cardiac efficiency: the impact of intensity","volume":"120","author":"Hafstad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hafstad AD,\nBoardman N,\nLund J, et al. Abstract 3888: Exercise-induced increase in cardiac efficiency: the impact of intensity. Circulation. 2009;120(suppl 18):S880. doi:10.1161\/circ.120.suppl_18.S880"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b02","series-title":"Women Sport Phys Act J","first-page":"146","article-title":"\u201cInvisible sportswomen\u201d: the sex data gap in sport and exercise science research","volume":"29","author":"Cowley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cowley ES,\nOlenick AA,\nMcNulty KL,\nRoss EZ. \u201cInvisible sportswomen\u201d: the sex data gap in sport and exercise science research. Women Sport Phys Act J. 2021;29(2):146\u2013151. doi:10.1123\/wspaj.2021-0028"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b03","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"1235","article-title":"Sex differences in endurance running","volume":"52","author":"Besson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Besson T,\nMacchi R,\nRossi J, et al. Sex differences in endurance running. Sports Med. 2022;52(6):1235\u20131257. doi:10.1007\/s40279-022-01651-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b04","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","first-page":"153","article-title":"Knee and hip joint biomechanics are gender-specific in runners with high running mileage","volume":"35","author":"Gehring","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gehring D,\nMornieux G,\nFleischmann J,\nGollhofer A. Knee and hip joint biomechanics are gender-specific in runners with high running mileage. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(2):153\u2013158. doi:10.1055\/s-0033-1343406"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b05","series-title":"Front Physiol","first-page":"1520","article-title":"Editorial: wearable sensor technology for monitoring training load and health in the athletic population","volume":"10","author":"Sperlich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sperlich B,\nAminian K,\nD\u00fcking P,\nHolmberg HC. Editorial: wearable sensor technology for monitoring training load and health in the athletic population. Front Physiol. 2020;10:1520. doi:10.3389\/fphys.2019.01520"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b06","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"S2161","article-title":"Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement","volume":"12","author":"Bourdon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bourdon PC,\nCardinale M,\nMurray A, et al. Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(suppl 2):S2161\u2013S2170. doi:10.1123\/IJSPP.2017-0208"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b07","series-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng P J Sport Eng Technol","first-page":"11","article-title":"Influence of RunScribe\u2122 placement on the accuracy of spatiotemporal gait characteristics during running","volume":"234","author":"Garc\u00eda-Pinillos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Pinillos F,\nChicano-Guti\u00e9rrez JM,\nRuiz-Malag\u00f3n EJ,\nRoche-Seruendo LE. Influence of RunScribe\u2122 placement on the accuracy of spatiotemporal gait characteristics during running. Proc Inst Mech Eng P J Sport Eng Technol. 2020;234(1):11\u201318. doi:10.1177\/1754337119876513"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b08","series-title":"Digit Biomark","first-page":"74","article-title":"Validation of a wearable sensor for measuring running biomechanics","volume":"2","author":"Koldenhoven","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koldenhoven RM,\nHertel J. Validation of a wearable sensor for measuring running biomechanics. Digit Biomark. 2018;2(2):74\u201378. doi:10.1159\/000491645"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b09","series-title":"Sports Biomech","first-page":"521","article-title":"Running biomechanics as measured by wearable sensors: effects of speed and surface","volume":"20","author":"Hollis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hollis CR,\nKoldenhoven RM,\nResch JE,\nHertel J. Running biomechanics as measured by wearable sensors: effects of speed and surface. Sports Biomech. 2021;20(5):521\u2013531. doi:10.1080\/14763141.2019.1579366"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b10","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Validation of foot-strike assessment using wearable sensors during running","volume":"55","author":"DeJong","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeJong AF,\nHertel J. Validation of foot-strike assessment using wearable sensors during running. J Athl Train. 2020;55(12):1307\u20131310. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0520.19"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b11","series-title":"Physiol Meas","article-title":"External ankle supports alter running biomechanics: a field-based study using wearable sensors","volume":"40","author":"Gregory","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gregory C,\nKoldenhoven RM,\nHiggins M,\nHertel J. External ankle supports alter running biomechanics: a field-based study using wearable sensors. Physiol Meas. 2019;40(4):044003. doi:10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab15ad"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b12","series-title":"Phys Ther Sport","first-page":"16","article-title":"Running mechanics during 1600 meter track runs in young adults with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"42","author":"Colapietro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colapietro M,\nFraser JJ,\nResch JE,\nHertel J. Running mechanics during 1600 meter track runs in young adults with and without chronic ankle instability. Phys Ther Sport. 2020;42:16\u201325. doi:10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.11.010"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b13","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Increased contact time and strength deficits in runners with exercise-related lower leg pain","volume":"55","author":"Koldenhoven","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koldenhoven RM,\nVirostek A,\nDeJong AF,\nHiggins M,\nHertel J. Increased contact time and strength deficits in runners with exercise-related lower leg pain. 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BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2022;8(4):e001293. doi:10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001293"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b15","series-title":"Int J Sports Sci Coach","first-page":"316","article-title":"Australian female athlete perceptions of the challenges associated with training and competing when menstrual symptoms are present","volume":"15","author":"Armour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armour M,\nParry KA,\nSteel K,\nSmith CA. Australian female athlete perceptions of the challenges associated with training and competing when menstrual symptoms are present. 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Hormonal contraceptive use, menstrual cycle characteristics and training\/nutrition related profiles of elite, sub-elite and amateur athletes and exercisers: one size is unlikely to fit all. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 2024;19(1):113\u2013128. doi:10.1177\/17479541231163088"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b19","series-title":"Front Sports Act Living","first-page":"873222","article-title":"Prevalence and self-perceived experiences with the use of hormonal contraceptives among competitive female cross-country skiers and biathletes in Norway: the FENDURA Project","volume":"4","author":"Engseth","year":"2022","unstructured":"Engseth TP,\nAndersson EP,\nSolli GS, et al. Prevalence and self-perceived experiences with the use of hormonal contraceptives among competitive female cross-country skiers and biathletes in Norway: the FENDURA Project. 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Elite female athletes\u2019 experiences and perceptions of the menstrual cycle on training and sport performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021;31(1):52\u201369. doi:10.1111\/sms.13818"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b24","article-title":"Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. US Dept of Health and Services; 2018. Accessed July 2, 2022. https:\/\/odphp.health.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-09\/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf"},{"key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b25","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. 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A formative investigation assessing menstrual health literacy in professional women\u2019s football. Sci Med Footb. 2025;9(1):12\u201318. doi:10.1080\/24733938.2023.2290074"},{"issue":"19","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b38","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"11932","article-title":"Offered support and knowledge about the menstrual cycle in the athletic community: a cross-sectional study of 1086 female athletes","volume":"19","author":"von Rosen","year":"2022","unstructured":"von Rosen P,\nEkenros L,\nSolli GS, et al. Offered support and knowledge about the menstrual cycle in the athletic community: a cross-sectional study of 1086 female athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):11932. doi:10.3390\/ijerph191911932"},{"issue":"22","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b39","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"12075","article-title":"\u201cDo elite sport first, get your period back later\u201d: are barriers to communication hindering female athletes","volume":"18","author":"H\u00f6\u00f6k","year":"2021","unstructured":"H\u00f6\u00f6k M,\nBergstr\u00f6m M,\nS\u00e6ther SA,\nMcGawley K. \u201cDo elite sport first, get your period back later\u201d: are barriers to communication hindering female athletes? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(22):12075. doi:10.3390\/ijerph182212075"},{"issue":"suppl 18","key":"i1938-162X-60-11-783-b01","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"S880","article-title":"Abstract 3888: Exercise-induced increase in cardiac efficiency: the impact of intensity","volume":"120","author":"Hafstad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hafstad AD,\nBoardman N,\nLund J, et al. 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