{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:34:37Z","timestamp":1783719277751,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is unclear whether the response in femoral cartilage to running at different intensities is different.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the acute patterns of deformation and recovery in femoral cartilage thickness during and after running at different speeds.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 17 healthy men (age = 23.9 \u00b1 2.3 years, height = 173.1 \u00b1 5.5 cm, mass = 73.9 \u00b1 8.0 kg).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants performed a 40-minute treadmill run at speeds of 7.5 and 8.5 km\/h.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasonographic images of femoral cartilage thickness (intercondylar, lateral condyle, and medial condyle) were obtained every 5 minutes during the experiment (40 minutes of running followed by a 60-minute recovery period) at each session. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Bonferroni- and Dunnett-adjusted post hoc t tests. To identify patterns of cartilage response, we extracted principal components (PCs) from the cartilage-thickness data using PC analysis, and PC scores were analyzed using t tests.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Regardless of time, femoral cartilage thicknesses were greater for the 8.5-km\/h run than the 7.5-km\/h run (intercondylar: F1,656 = 24.73, P &amp;lt; .001, effect size, 0.15; lateral condyle: F1,649 = 16.60, P &amp;lt; .001, effect size, 0.16; medial condyle: F1,649 = 16.55, P &amp;lt; .001, effect size, 0.12). We observed a time effect in intercondylar thickness (F20,656 = 2.15, P = .003), but the Dunnett-adjusted post hoc t test revealed that none of the time point values differed from the baseline value (P &amp;gt; .38 for all comparisons). Although the PC1 and PC2 captured the magnitudes of cartilage thickness and time shift (eg, earlier versus later response), respectively, t tests showed that the PC scores were not different between 7.5 and 8.5 km\/h (intercondylar: P \u2265 .32; lateral condyle: P \u2265 .78; medial condyle: P \u2265 .16).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although the 40-minute treadmill run with different speeds produced different levels of fatigue, morphologic differences (&amp;lt;3%) in the femoral cartilage at both speeds seemed to be negligible.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0659.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T21:44:22Z","timestamp":1727300662000},"page":"906-914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Morphologic Response in Femoral Cartilage During and After 40-Minute Treadmill Running"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Jinwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhyeong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanghyup","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sojin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.06.025","article-title":"Effect of normal gait on in\u00a0vivo tibiofemoral cartilage strains","volume":"49","author":"Lad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38881","article-title":"Five-year followup of knee joint cartilage thickness changes after acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"67","author":"Eckstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.10.009","article-title":"Comprehensively assessing the acute femoral cartilage response and recovery after walking and drop-landing: an ultrasonographic study","volume":"44","author":"Harkey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15180","article-title":"Assessing step count\u2013dependent changes in femoral articular cartilage using ultrasound","volume":"39","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.04.012","article-title":"Deformational behaviour of knee cartilage and changes in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) after running and drop landing","volume":"19","author":"Niehoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051351","article-title":"Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence","volume":"174","author":"Warburton","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4078","DOI":"10.3390\/app11094078","article-title":"Bilateral patella cartilage debridement and exercise rehabilitation for chondromalacia and plica syndrome: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.09.015","article-title":"Femoral cartilage ultrasound echo intensity associates with arthroscopic cartilage damage","volume":"47","author":"Harkey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0602.21","article-title":"Exercise-induced changes in femoral cartilage thickness in patients with patellofemoral pain","volume":"58","author":"Jeon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21174","article-title":"Effect of frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the stress and strain at the knee cartilage during the stance phase of gait","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38104-2","article-title":"A new stress test for knee joint cartilage","volume":"9","author":"Paranjape","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507313093","article-title":"Recovery of the menisci and articular cartilage of runners after cessation of exercise: additional aspects of in\u00a0vivo investigation based on 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"36","author":"Kessler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02558-1","article-title":"The characteristic recovery time as a novel, noninvasive metric for assessing in\u00a0vivo cartilage mechanical function","volume":"48","author":"Cutcliffe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050291","article-title":"Functional analysis of articular cartilage deformation, recovery, and fluid flow following dynamic exercise in\u00a0vivo","volume":"200","author":"Eckstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967120967512","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120967512","article-title":"Dose and recovery response of patellofemoral cartilage deformations to running","volume":"8","author":"Heckelman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.946074","article-title":"Effects of changing speed on knee and ankle joint load during walking and running","volume":"33","author":"de David","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b17","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription","author":"Liguori","year":"2021","edition":"11th ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b18","first-page":"154","article-title":"Comparison of plantar pressure distribution between different speed and incline during treadmill jogging","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.5.06","article-title":"Persistent neuromuscular and corticomotor quadriceps asymmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"50","author":"Kuenze","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-130441","article-title":"Femoral cartilage thickness measurements in healthy individuals: learning, practicing and publishing with TURK-MUSCULUS","volume":"27","author":"\u00d6z\u00e7akar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","article-title":"Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion","volume":"14","author":"Borg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.d.18.00242","article-title":"What is the proper way to apply the multiple comparison test","volume":"71","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1037\/h0045186","article-title":"The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research: a review","volume":"65","author":"Cohen","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Abnorm Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b24","volume-title":"Human Kinetics","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","edition":"8th ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2.1.35","article-title":"Assessing reliability and precision of measurement: an introduction to intraclass correlation and standard error of measurement","volume":"2","author":"Denegar","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.09.013","article-title":"Is running good or bad for your knees? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cartilage morphology and composition changes in the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints","volume":"31","author":"Coburn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.022400","article-title":"In vivo cartilage deformation after different types of activity and its dependence on physical training status","volume":"64","author":"Eckstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.12.026","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of medial femoral cartilage deformation acutely following walking and running","volume":"25","author":"Harkey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.02.010","article-title":"A little bit faster: lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics as recreational runners achieve faster speeds","volume":"71","author":"Orendurff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182084929","article-title":"Effect of running speed on lower limb joint kinetics","volume":"43","author":"Schache","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0418","article-title":"In situ compressive stiffness, biochemical composition, and structural integrity of articular cartilage of the human knee joint","volume":"9","author":"Franz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85716-2","article-title":"The mechanical properties of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral articular cartilage in compression depend on anatomical regions","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(97)80042-8","article-title":"Differences in patellofemoral joint cartilage material properties and their significance to the etiology of cartilage surface fibrillation","volume":"5","author":"Froimson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-006-0251-z","article-title":"Collagen synthesis of articular cartilage explants in response to frequency of cyclic mechanical loading","volume":"327","author":"Wolf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00007-4","article-title":"Proteoglycan metabolism and viability of articular cartilage explants as modulated by the frequency of intermittent loading","volume":"11","author":"Sauerland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2000.010004186.x","article-title":"Normal and pathological adaptations of articular cartilage to joint loading","volume":"10","author":"Arokoski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000135","article-title":"Why don\u2019t most runners get knee osteoarthritis? A case for per-unit-distance loads","volume":"46","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b38","first-page":"305","article-title":"Muscle contributions to the tibiofemoral joint contact force during running-biomed 2010","volume":"46","author":"Sasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed Sci Instrum"},{"key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.11.014","article-title":"The modes and competing rates of cartilage fluid loss and recovery","volume":"138","author":"Voinier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.09.013","article-title":"Diurnal variations in articular cartilage thickness and strain in the human knee","volume":"46","author":"Coleman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.03.011","article-title":"Cartilage biomechanics: a key factor for osteoarthritis regenerative medicine","volume":"1865","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Moreno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092515410135900_i1938-162X-59-9-906-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.09.018","article-title":"Tribological rehydration of cartilage and its potential role in preserving joint health","volume":"25","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/59\/9\/906\/3430604\/i1938-162x-59-9-906.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/59\/9\/906\/3430604\/i1938-162x-59-9-906.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T19:01:16Z","timestamp":1749668476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/59\/9\/article-p906.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0659.22","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-162X","1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-162X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}}}