{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:34:17Z","timestamp":1754163257585,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Lean sports, such as endurance running, have been at the forefront of disordered eating and body image research, particularly in female populations. Yet little is known about how athletic men and women differ in body-checking behaviors, a known risk factor for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, across sport type and athletic status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences on measures of eating behavior and body checking between full-time collegiate student-athletes and nonathletes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two hundred fifty-nine full-time college students (n = 174 student-athletes, 85 nonathletes).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Primary outcomes included self-reported disordered eating behavior and body-checking behavior through the Eating Attitudes Test-26 and the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) and the Male BCQ (MBCQ). We explored differences based on sport type, team, individual, or nonathlete, and gender identity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was a statistically significant multivariate main effect of gender, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>10,464<\/jats:sub> = 9.219, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001, \u03b7<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.166, and a significant multivariate interaction of gender and sport type, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>15,699<\/jats:sub> = 2.806, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .001, \u03b7<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.057. Follow-up comparisons for team-sport athletes showed that women scored significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) on the MBCQ compared with men. Women team-sport athletes also scored significantly higher on the MBCQ than women nonathletes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Conversely, nonathlete men scored significantly higher on the MBCQ than men team- and individual-sport athletes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .003 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .048, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Findings suggest that body-checking behaviors traditionally studied as masculine occur more frequently in women than men. This effect seems to be driven by women team-sport athletes, who reported engaging in more body-checking behaviors on the MBCQ than nonathletes. Therefore, assessments based on traditional views of maleness and femaleness may overlook significant risk factors for eating disorders in college athletes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0673.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T05:06:27Z","timestamp":1741583187000},"page":"533-540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Examining Gender Norms of Eating Behavior and Body Checking in National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Cirella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Kinesiology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen S.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa L.","family":"Harlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"key":"i1938-162X-60-7-533-b01","article-title":"National Collegiate Athletic Association","author":"NCAA demographics database","year":"2024","unstructured":"NCAA demographics database. 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