{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:17:58Z","timestamp":1784852278582,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Best practices to manage cervical spine injury (CSI) in sport have been published, yet knowledge of their use is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To explore adoption of CSI management policies by high school (HS) athletic trainers (ATs) and their associated behaviors, barriers, and facilitators.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Online survey platform.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Athletic trainers providing medical services to US HSs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The precaution adoption process model was used in an online questionnaire to determine the stage of adoption by ATs for each CSI management policy component. Components obtained from the National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement on acute management of an athlete with a CSI included immediate care, emergency tools to remove equipment, and maintenance of equipment-removal skills. Questions assessed AT demographics, HS characteristics, and facilitators and barriers to policy adoption. Data are presented as proportions and associations determined through \u03c72 analysis (P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 508 ATs\u2019 responses were included. Of these ATs, 33.1% reported adoption of incomplete policies (&amp;lt;3 components of a CSI management policy, n = 168; 95% CI = 29.0%, 37.1%), and 66.9% reported adoption of comprehensive policies (n = 339; 95% CI = 62.9%, 71.0%). A significant association was found between coordination of CSI policies with emergency medical services (EMS) and adoption of the policy components for comprehensive immediate CSI care (\u03c721 = 49.56, P &amp;lt; .001), emergency tools for athletic equipment removal (\u03c721 = 41.49, P &amp;lt; .001), and the practice and maintenance of equipment-removal skills (\u03c721 = 86.12, P &amp;lt; .001). Approximately two-thirds (66.5%) reported that a positive relationship with EMS (n = 338; 95% CI = 62.4%, 70.7%) was a facilitator, whereas 42.5% reported challenges with local EMS as a barrier (n = 216; 95% CI = 38.2%, 46.9%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immediate care and emergency tool policy components had the highest rates of adoption. Higher rates of adoption in this project were associated with coordination of CSI policies with local EMS. Athletic trainers also reported challenges in coordinating with EMS. Interventions to improve collaboration, training, and interprofessional respect between ATs and EMS personnel may improve policy adoption.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0676.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T17:41:56Z","timestamp":1689615716000},"page":"30-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cervical Spine Injury Policy Adoption: Describing High Schools\u2019 Readiness Using the Precaution Adoption Process Model"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Courtney M.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"* Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik E.","family":"Swartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020 School of Health Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johna K.","family":"Register-Mihalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021 Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Yeargin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"* Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha E.","family":"Scarneo-Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a7 Athletic Training, West Virginia University, Morgantown"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1)","key":"2024010813242771500_i1062-6050-59-1-30-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46292\/sci21-00047","article-title":"Pediatric traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States: a national inpatient analysis","volume":"28","author":"Crispo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"issue":"4)","key":"2024010813242771500_i1062-6050-59-1-30-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2017.09.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of cervical spine injuries in high school athletes over a ten-year period","volume":"10","author":"Meron","year":"2018","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"6S)","key":"2024010813242771500_i1062-6050-59-1-30-b03","first-page":"58","article-title":"Epidemiology of catastrophic head and cervical spine injuries in high school and college football 2000\/01 through 2019\/20","volume":"57","author":"Kucera","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"7)","key":"2024010813242771500_i1062-6050-59-1-30-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512446682","article-title":"Catastrophic injuries in pole vaulters: a prospective 9-year follow-up study","volume":"40","author":"Boden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4)","key":"2024010813242771500_i1062-6050-59-1-30-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2021.1932630","article-title":"Targeting rule implementation decreases neck injuries in high school football: a national injury surveillance study","volume":"50","author":"Obana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"3)","key":"2024010813242771500_i1062-6050-59-1-30-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.3.306","article-title":"National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement: acute management of the cervical spine\u2013injured athlete","volume":"44","author":"Swartz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2024010813242771500_i1062-6050-59-1-30-b07","article-title":"Official statement: EMS changes to pre-hospital care of the athlete with acute cervical spine injury"},{"issue":"6)","key":"2024010813242771500_i1062-6050-59-1-30-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0434.19","article-title":"Consensus recommendations on the prehospital care of the injured athlete with a suspected catastrophic cervical spine injury","volume":"55","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"6)","key":"2024010813242771500_i1062-6050-59-1-30-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-430-19","article-title":"Best practices and current care concepts in prehospital care of the spine-injured athlete in American tackle football: March 2\u20133, 2019; 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