{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:32:03Z","timestamp":1789399923789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>The King-Devick (KD) test has received considerable attention in the literature as an emerging concussion assessment. However, important test psychometric properties remain to be addressed in large-scale independent studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess (1) test-retest reliability between trials, (2) test-retest reliability between years 1 and 2, and (3) reliability of the 2 administration modes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collegiate athletic training facilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 3248 intercollegiate student-athletes participated in year 1 (male = 55.3%, age = 20.2 \u00b1 2.3 years, height = 1.78 \u00b1 0.11 m, weight = 80.7 \u00b1 21.0 kg) and 833 participated in both years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time, in seconds, to complete the KD error free. The KD test reliability was assessed between trials and between annual tests over 2 years and stratified by test modality (spiral-bound cards [n = 566] and tablet [n = 264]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The KD test was reliable between trials (trial 1 = 43.2 \u00b1 8.3 seconds, trial 2 = 40.8 \u00b1 7.8 seconds; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] (2,1) = 0.888, P &amp;lt; .001), between years (year 1 = 40.8 \u00b1 7.4 seconds, year 2 = 38.7 \u00b1 7.7 seconds; ICC [2,1] = 0.827, P &amp;lt; .001), and for both spiral-bound cards (ICC [2,1] = 0.834, P &amp;lt; .001) and tablets (ICC [2,1] = 0.827, P &amp;lt; .001). The mean change between trials for a single test was \u22122.4 \u00b1 3.8 seconds. Although most athletes improved from year 1 to year 2, 27.1% (226 of 883) of participants demonstrated worse (slower) KD times (3.2 \u00b1 3.9 seconds) in year 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The KD test was reliable between trials and years and when stratified by modality. A small improvement of 2 seconds was identified with annual retesting, likely due to a practice effect; however, 27% of athletes displayed slowed performance from year 1 to year 2. These results suggest that the KD assessment was a reliable test with modest learning effects over time and that the assessment modality did not adversely affect baseline reliability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-219-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T17:42:56Z","timestamp":1571247776000},"page":"1241-1246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["King-Devick Test Reliability in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A National Collegiate Athletic Association\u2013Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Report"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Breedlove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justus D.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly G.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne D.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Kontos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Clugston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, Department of Neurology, and Division of Sports Health, University Athletic Association, University of Florida, Gainesville;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara P. 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