{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T07:40:47Z","timestamp":1768030847913,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical muscle strains are an often-overlooked injury, with neck- and spine-related research typically focusing on spinal cord and vertebral injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the rates and distributions of cervical muscle strains in collegiate and high school football athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collegiate and high school football teams.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>The National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) collected data from collegiate football athletes. The High School National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (HS NATION) and High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) collected data from high school football athletes. Data from the 2011\u20132012 through 2013\u20132014 academic years were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Athletic trainers collected injury and exposure data for football players. Injury counts, injury rates per 10\u200a000 athlete-exposures (AEs), and injury rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The NCAA-ISP reported 49 cervical muscle strains (rate = 0.96\/10\u200a000 AEs), of which 28 (57.1%) were TL (time loss; rate = 0.55\/10\u200a000 AEs). High School NATION reported 184 cervical muscle strains (rate = 1.66\/10\u200a000 AEs), of which 33 (17.9%) were TL injuries (rate = 0.30\/10\u200a000 AEs). The HS RIO, which collects only TL injuries, reported 120 TL cervical muscle strains (rate = 0.51\/10\u200a000 AEs). The overall injury rate was lower in the NCAA-ISP than in HS NATION (injury rate ratio = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.42, 0.79); when restricted to TL injuries, the overall injury rate was higher in the NCAA-ISP (injury rate ratio = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.11, 3.03). No differences were found when comparing TL injuries in HS RIO and the NCAA-ISP. Cervical muscle-strain rates were higher during competitions than during practices across all 3 surveillance systems for all injuries. Most cervical muscle strains were due to player contact (NCAA-ISP = 85.7%, HS NATION = 78.8%, HS RIO = 85.8%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of cervical muscle strains in football players was low compared with other injuries. Nonetheless, identifying and implementing interventions, particularly those aimed at reducing unsafe player contact, are essential to further decrease the risk of injury and associated adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-229-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T16:04:34Z","timestamp":1563897874000},"page":"780-786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Epidemiology of Cervical Muscle Strains in Collegiate and High School Football Athletes, 2011\u20132012 Through 2013\u20132014 Academic Years"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa C.","family":"Kay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen L.","family":"Kucera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Prentice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary Y.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2557","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"38","key":"2020060411531902900_i1062-6050-54-7-780-b01","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Sports-related injuries among high school athletes\u2014United States, 2005\u201306 school year","volume":"55","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"48","key":"2020060411531902900_i1062-6050-54-7-780-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6448a2","article-title":"College sports-related injuries\u2014United States, 2009\u201310 through 2013\u201314 academic years","volume":"64","author":"Kerr","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411531902900_i1062-6050-54-7-780-b03","first-page":"311","article-title":"Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives","volume":"42","author":"Hootman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020060411531902900_i1062-6050-54-7-780-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518765121","article-title":"Association between history of multiple concussions and health outcomes among former college football players: 15-year follow-up from the NCAA Concussion Study (1999\u20132001)","volume":"46","author":"Kerr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060411531902900_i1062-6050-54-7-780-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516677793","article-title":"Descriptive characteristics of concussions in National Football League games, 2010\u20132011 to 2013\u20132014","volume":"45","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060411531902900_i1062-6050-54-7-780-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000441","article-title":"Traumatic sports-related cervical spine injuries","volume":"30","author":"Puvanesarajah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"2020060411531902900_i1062-6050-54-7-780-b07","first-page":"391","article-title":"Cervical spine injuries in the athlete","volume":"66","author":"Schroeder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060411531902900_i1062-6050-54-7-780-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1138601","article-title":"Spinal Cord Injury Research Evidence Team. 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