{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:32:01Z","timestamp":1789399921124,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>The King-Devick (KD) test is a rapid number-reading test that has emerging use in the assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC). Previous research suggested that healthy individuals and patients with acute concussions who had shorter recovery times (&amp;lt;3 weeks) demonstrated a learning effect on the KD test after mild to moderate exertion, whereas patients with longer recovery times did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess if the absence of postexertional improvement on the KD test within 10 days of concussive head injury was associated with a longer duration of recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University concussion-management clinics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male and female adolescent athletes (n = 99, aged 13\u201318 years) presenting within 10 days of SRC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>The KD test was administered before and after the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT). Days from injury to recovery, with recovery defined as being asymptomatic, confirmed by the assessment of a physician who was blinded to the treatment group, and the return of normal exercise tolerance on the BCTT were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with postexertional slowing (PES group, n = 33) had a longer duration of recovery (17 days versus 13.5 days, P = .033) than participants without PES (no-PES group, n = 66). At any clinic visit, PES was also associated with a relative risk of 2.36 (95% confidence interval = 1.55, 3.61; P &amp;lt; .001) of not recovering within the following week.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study validates our prior work showing that acutely concussed adolescents who did not display the typical learning effect on the KD test after the BCTT took longer to recover from SRC than those who exhibited the typical learning effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-264-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T21:33:53Z","timestamp":1587591233000},"page":"482-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Postexercise Slowing on the King-Devick Test and Longer Recovery From Sport-Related Concussion in Adolescents: A Validation Study"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Mohammad N.","family":"Haider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip R.","family":"Worts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tallahassee Orthopedic Clinic, FL"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee"},{"name":"Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin B.","family":"Viera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Villarrubia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles G.","family":"Wilber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry S.","family":"Willer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Leddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b01","first-page":"89","article-title":"Sports-related concussions","volume":"76","author":"Conder","year":"2015","journal-title":"N C Med J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc.15.8","article-title":"The King-Devick test of rapid number naming for concussion detection: meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Galetta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Concussion"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.02.008","article-title":"Saccades and memory: baseline associations of the King-Devick and SCAT2 SAC tests in professional ice hockey players","volume":"328","author":"Galetta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-012-0299-y","article-title":"Sports-related concussion testing","volume":"12","author":"Dziemianowicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.12.020","article-title":"The King-Devick test in an outpatient concussion clinic: assessing the diagnostic and prognostic value of a vision test in conjunction with exercise testing among acutely concussed adolescents","volume":"398","author":"Lawrence","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4397","article-title":"Early subthreshold aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"173","author":"Leddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b08","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000686","article-title":"Derivation of a focused, brief concussion physical examination for adolescents with sport-related concussion","author":"Leddy","year":"2018]"},{"key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00395","article-title":"The predictive capacity of the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test after sport-related concussion in adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Haider","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b10","article-title":"King-Devick test online system v4.0 instructions","journal-title":"King-Devick technologies Web site"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000008","article-title":"Use of graded exercise testing in concussion and return-to-activity management","volume":"12","author":"Leddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2015.1060950","article-title":"A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: the application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale","volume":"37","author":"Merritt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000687","article-title":"Practical management: brief physical examination for sport-related concussion in the outpatient setting","author":"Haider","year":"2018]","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med."},{"key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b14","first-page":"52","article-title":"Physiology of the ocular movements","author":"Von Noorden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus. 6th ed"},{"issue":"18","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096551","article-title":"A systematic review of criteria used to define recovery from sport-related concussion in youth athletes","volume":"52","author":"Haider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0158","article-title":"Duration and course of post-concussive symptoms","volume":"133","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1203","article-title":"Clinical risk score for persistent postconcussion symptoms among children with acute concussion in the ED","volume":"315","author":"Zemek","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.729282","article-title":"Post-exertion neurocognitive test failure among student-athletes following concussion","volume":"27","author":"McGrath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097729","article-title":"Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Iverson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S104807","article-title":"Information bias in health research: definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods","volume":"9","author":"Althubaiti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200409000-00007","article-title":"Serial administration of clinical concussion assessments and learning effects in healthy young athletes","volume":"14","author":"Valovich McLeod","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032634","article-title":"Exercise holds immediate benefits for affect and cognition in younger and older adults","volume":"28","author":"Hogan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.02.035","article-title":"The King-Devick test was useful in management of concussion in amateur rugby union and rugby league in New Zealand","volume":"351","author":"King","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.2.12","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the King-Devick test in an adolescent population","volume":"52","author":"Oberlander","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000586","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and the effects of exercise on the King-Devick Test","author":"Eddy","year":"2018]","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2014.12.005","article-title":"The King-Devick test for sideline concussion screening in collegiate football","volume":"8","author":"Leong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.07.039","article-title":"The King-Devick test and sports-related concussion: study of a rapid visual screening tool in a collegiate cohort","volume":"309","author":"Galetta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"17","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821184c9","article-title":"The King-Devick test as a determinant of head trauma and concussion in boxers and MMA fighters","volume":"76","author":"Galetta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"suppl 10","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11.003","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.82.10_supplement.S11.003","article-title":"King-Devick Test identifies symptomatic concussion in real-time and asymptomatic concussion over time","volume":"82","author":"Dhawan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Baseline concussion testing in different environments: a pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Spradley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sport J"},{"issue":"16 suppl","key":"2020060504210409100_i1062-6050-55-5-482-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I13.001","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.86.16_supplement.I13.001","article-title":"Agreement of the spiral-bound and computerized tablet versions of the King-Devick Test of rapid number naming for sports related concussion","volume":"86","author":"Raynowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Athletic Training"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/55\/5\/482\/2497838\/1062-6050-264-19.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/55\/5\/482\/2497838\/1062-6050-264-19.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:50:23Z","timestamp":1749667823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nata.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/attr\/55\/5\/article-p482.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-264-19","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-6050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-6050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]}}}