{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T06:12:32Z","timestamp":1763705552896,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The accurate evaluation of self-reported changes in function throughout the rehabilitation process is important for determining patient progression. Currently, how a response shift (RS) may affect the accuracy of self-reported functional assessment in a population with chronic ankle instability (CAI) is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the RS in individuals with CAI after a 4-week multimodal rehabilitation program.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty adults (5 men, 15 women; age = 24.35 \u00b1 6.95 years, height = 169.29 \u00b1 10.10 cm, mass = 70.58 \u00b1 12.90 kg) with self-reported CAI participated. Inclusion criteria were at least 1 previous ankle sprain, at least 2 episodes of the ankle \u201cgiving way\u201d in the 3 months before the study, and a score \u226424 on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals participated in 12 intervention sessions over 4 weeks and daily home ankle strengthening and stretching.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were assessed at 4 times (baseline, preintervention, postintervention, and 2-week follow-up). At the postintervention and 2-week follow-up, participants completed then-test assessments to measure RS. Then-test assessments are retrospective evaluations of perceived baseline function completed after an intervention. The PROs consisted of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Activities of Daily Living and Sport subscales, the modified Disablement in the Physically Active scale physical and mental summary components, and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire Physical Activity and Work subscales. We used repeated-measures analyses of variance to compare preintervention with then-test measurements. Individual-level RSs were examined by determining the number of participants who experienced preintervention to then-test differences that exceeded the calculated minimal detectable change.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We did not identify an RS for any PRO (F &amp;gt; 2.338, P &amp;gt; .12), indicating no group-level differences between the preintervention and retrospective then-test assessments. Individual-level RS was most prominent in the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport subscale (n = 6, 30%) and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire Physical Activity subscale (n = 9, 45%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No group-level RS was identified for any PRO after a 4-week multimodal rehabilitation program in individuals with CAI. This finding indicates that traditional assessment of self-reported function was accurate for evaluating the short-term effects of rehabilitation in those with CAI. Low levels of individual-level RS were identified.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-345-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T18:16:05Z","timestamp":1552068965000},"page":"397-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Response Shift After a 4-Week Multimodal Intervention for Chronic Ankle Instability"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Cameron J.","family":"Powden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Hoch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Athletic Training, University of Kentucky, Lexington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth E.","family":"Jamali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletic Training and Physical Therapy, 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