{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:23:30Z","timestamp":1783718610234,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context:\u2003<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater passive hip range of motion (ROM) has been associated with greater dynamic knee valgus and thus the potential for increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Normative data for passive hip ROM by sex are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:\u2003<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish and compare passive hip ROM values by sex and sport and to quantify side-to-side differences in internal-rotation ROM (ROMIR), external-rotation ROM (ROMER), and total ROM (ROMTOT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design:\u2003<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting:\u2003<\/jats:title><jats:p>Station-based, preparticipation screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:\u2003<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 339 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes, consisting of 168 women (age = 19.2 \u00b1 1.2 years, height = 169.0 \u00b1 7.2 cm, mass = 65.3 \u00b1 10.2 kg) and 171 men (age = 19.4 \u00b1 1.3 years, height = 200.0 \u00b1 8.6 cm, mass = 78.4 \u00b1 12.0 kg) in 6 sports screened over 3 years: soccer (58 women, 67 men), tennis (20 women, 22 men), basketball (28 women, 22 men), softball or baseball (38 women, 31 men), cross-country (18 women, 19 men), and golf (6 women, 10 men).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):\u2003<\/jats:title><jats:p>Passive hip ROM was measured with the athlete lying prone with the hip abducted to 20\u00b0 to 30\u00b0 and knee flexed to 90\u00b0. The leg was passively internally and externally rotated until the point of sacral movement. Three measures were averaged for each direction and leg and used for analysis. We compared ROMIR, ROMER, ROMTOT (ROMTOT = ROMIR + ROMER), and relative ROM (ROMREL = ROMIR \u2212 ROMER) between sexes and among sports using separate 2 \u00d7 6 repeated-measures analyses of variance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:\u2003<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women had greater ROMIR (38.1\u00b0 \u00b1 8.2\u00b0 versus 28.6\u00b0 \u00b1 8.4\u00b0; F1,327 = 91.74, P &amp;lt; .001), ROMTOT (72.1\u00b0 \u00b1 10.6\u00b0 versus 64.4\u00b0 \u00b1 10.1\u00b0; F1,327 = 33.47, P &amp;lt; .001), and ROMREL (1.5\u00b0 \u00b1 16.0\u00b0 versus \u22127.6\u00b0 \u00b1 16.5\u00b0; F1,327 = 37.05, P &amp;lt; .001) than men but similar ROMER (34.0\u00b0 \u00b1 12.2\u00b0 versus 35.8\u00b0 \u00b1 11.5\u00b0; F1,327 = 1.65, P = .20) to men. Cross-country athletes exhibited greater ROMIR (37.0\u00b0 \u00b1 9.3\u00b0 versus 30.9\u00b0 \u00b1 9.4\u00b0 to 33.3\u00b0 \u00b1 9.5\u00b0; P = .001) and ROMREL (5.9\u00b0 \u00b1 18.3\u00b0 versus \u22129.6\u00b0 \u00b1 16.9\u00b0 to \u22122.7\u00b0 \u00b1 17.3\u00b0; P = .001) and less ROMER (25.7\u00b0 \u00b1 7.5\u00b0 versus 35.0\u00b0 \u00b1 13.0\u00b0 to 40.2\u00b0 \u00b1 12.0\u00b0; P &amp;lt; .001) than basketball, soccer, softball or baseball, and tennis athletes. They also displayed less ROMTOT (62.7\u00b0 \u00b1 8.1\u00b0 versus 70.0\u00b0 \u00b1 9.1\u00b0 to 72.9\u00b0 \u00b1 11.9\u00b0; P &amp;lt; .001) than basketball, softball or baseball, and tennis athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:\u2003<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women had greater ROMIR than men, resulting in greater ROMTOT and ROMREL. Researchers should examine the extent to which this greater bias toward ROMIR may explain women's greater tendency for dynamic knee valgus. With the exception of cross-country, ROM values were similar across sports. The clinical implications of these aberrant cross-country values require further study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-426-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T20:32:46Z","timestamp":1528921966000},"page":"560-567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Passive Hip Range-of-Motion Values Across Sex and Sport"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Hogg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee, Chattanooga"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy J.","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh-Dung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High Point University, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Shultz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"key":"2020060411182316200_i1062-6050-53-6-560-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hewett TE. 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