{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:29:27Z","timestamp":1792196967741,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Athletes are at an inherent risk for sustaining concussions. Research examining the long-term consequences of sport-related concussion has been inconsistent in demonstrating lingering neurocognitive decrements that may be associated with a previous history of concussion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the relationship between concussion history and postconcussion neurocognitive performance and symptoms in collegiate athletes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Repeated-measures design.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multi-center analysis of collegiate athletes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-seven concussed collegiate athletes (36 without concussion history, 21 with a history of 2 or more concussions).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All subjects were administered an Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) neurocognitive test battery, which measures verbal memory, visual memory, reaction time, and visual processing speed and 22 concussion symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subjects who sustained a concussion were administered 2 follow-up tests at days 1 and 5 postinjury. Independent variables were history of concussion (no history of concussion, 2 or more concussions) and time (baseline, day 1 postconcussion, or day 5 postconcussion).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A within-subjects effect (time) on ImPACT performance (P &amp;lt; .001), a between-subjects multivariate effect of group (P &amp;lt; .001), and a group-by-time interaction (P \u200a=\u200a .034) were noted. Athletes with a concussion history performed significantly worse on verbal memory (P \u200a=\u200a .01) and reaction time (P \u200a=\u200a .023) at day 5 postconcussion compared with athletes who did not report a previous concussion. No significant group differences were seen at day 5 postinjury on visual memory (P \u200a=\u200a .167), processing speed (P \u200a=\u200a .179), or total concussion symptoms (P \u200a=\u200a .87).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Concussed collegiate athletes with a history of 2 or more concussions took longer to recover verbal memory and reaction time than athletes without a history of concussion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.2.119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,30]],"date-time":"2009-12-30T15:37:50Z","timestamp":1262187470000},"page":"119-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Concussion History and Postconcussion Neurocognitive Performance and Symptoms in Collegiate 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