{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:34:25Z","timestamp":1791988465354,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Anterior drawer testing of the ankle is commonly used to diagnose lateral ligamentous instability. Our hypothesis was that changing knee and ankle positions would change the stability of the ankle complex during anterior drawer testing.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To assess the effects of knee and ankle position on anterior drawer laxity and stiffness of the ankle complex.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>A repeated-measures design with knee and ankle position as independent variables.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>University research laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Bilateral ankles of 10 female (age \u200a=\u200a 19.8 \u00b1 1.1 years) and 10 male (age \u200a=\u200a 20.8 \u00b1 1.2 years) collegiate athletes were tested.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Intervention(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Each ankle complex underwent loading using an ankle arthrometer under 4 test conditions consisting of 2 knee positions (90\u00b0 and 0\u00b0 of flexion) and 2 ankle positions (0\u00b0 and 10\u00b0 of plantar flexion [PF]).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Recorded anterior laxity (mm) and stiffness (N\/mm).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Anterior laxity of the ankle complex was maximal with the knee positioned at 90\u00b0 of flexion and the ankle at 10\u00b0 of PF when compared with the knee positioned at 0\u00b0 of flexion and the ankle at 10\u00b0 or 0\u00b0 of PF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), whereas ankle complex stiffness was greatest with the knee positioned at 0\u00b0 of flexion and the ankle at 0\u00b0 of PF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .009).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Anterior drawer testing of the ankle complex with the knee positioned at 90\u00b0 of flexion and the ankle at 10\u00b0 of PF produced the most laxity and the least stiffness. These findings indicate that anterior drawer testing with the knee at 90\u00b0 of flexion and the ankle at 10\u00b0 of PF may permit better isolation of the ankle capsuloligamentous structures.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.3.242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,30]],"date-time":"2009-12-30T15:37:40Z","timestamp":1262187460000},"page":"242-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Knee and Ankle Position, Anterior Drawer Laxity, and Stiffness of the Ankle Complex"],"prefix":"10.4085","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"John E.","family":"Kovaleski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip M.","family":"Norrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Heitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Marcus","family":"Hollis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Bay Research Inc, Navarre, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert W.","family":"Pearsall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2557","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"i1062-6050-43-3-242-Freeman1","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"661","article-title":"Treatment of ruptures of the lateral ligament of the ankle.","volume":"47","author":"Freeman, M. A.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Freeman, M. 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